{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:03:28Z","timestamp":1790791408663,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            is an important pathogen that causes hospital-acquired septicemia and is associated with the recent emergence of community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). Clinical typing suggests that\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            infections originate from the gastrointestinal reservoir. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we have sought to determine how\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            penetrates the intestinal barrier. We identified that bacteremia and PLA clinical isolates adhered to and invaded intestinal epithelial cells. Internalization of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            in three different human colonic cell lines was visualized by confocal microscopy and three-dimensional (3D) imaging. Using a Transwell system, we demonstrated that these\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates translocated across a polarized Caco-2 monolayer. No disruptions of transepithelial electrical resistance and altered distribution of tight junction protein ZO-1 or occludin were observed. Therefore,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            appeared to penetrate the intestinal epithelium via a transcellular pathway. Using specific inhibitors, we characterized the host signaling pathways involved. Inhibition by cytochalasin D and nocodazole suggested that actin and microtubule cytoskeleton were both important for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            invasion. A Rho inhibitor, ML141, LY294002, and an Akt1\/2 inhibitor diminished\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            invasion in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that Rho family GTPases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)\/Akt signaling were required. By a mouse model of gastrointestinal colonization,\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            invasion of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            into colonic epithelial cells was demonstrated. Our results present evidence to describe a possible mechanism of gastrointestinal translocation for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Cell invasion by manipulating host machinery provides a pathway for gut-colonized\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            cells to penetrate the intestinal barrier and access extraintestinal locations to cause disease.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.02345-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,2]],"date-time":"2014-12-02T08:05:56Z","timestamp":1417507556000},"page":"769-779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Klebsiella pneumoniae Translocates across the Intestinal Epithelium via Rho GTPase- and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase\/Akt-Dependent Cell Invasion"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Chun-Ru","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Jiun","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju-Yun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Tang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzu-Lung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Town","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.4.589"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0802.010025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"176","article-title":"Comparison of pyogenic liver abscess caused by non-Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"37","author":"Yang CC","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yang CC, Yen CH, Ho MW, Wang JH. 2004. 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