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In areas where<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. braziliensis<\/jats:named-content>transmission is endemic, up to 15% of healthy subjects have tested positive for delayed-type hypersensitivity to soluble leishmania antigen (SLA) and are considered to have subclinical (SC) infection. SC subjects produce less gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) than do CL patients, but they are able to control the infection. The aim of this study was to characterized the role of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells in SC infection and in CL. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated with SLA to determine the frequencies of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>IFN-\u03b3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>IFN-\u03b3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells. Monocytes from PBMC were infected with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. braziliensis<\/jats:named-content>and cocultured with CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells, and the frequencies of infected monocytes and levels of cytotoxicity markers, target cell apoptosis, and granzyme B were determined. The frequency of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>IFN-\u03b3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells after SLA stimulation was higher for SC individuals than for CL patients. The frequency of infected monocytes in SC cells was lower than that in CL cells. CL CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells induced more apoptosis of infected monocytes than did SC CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells. Granzyme B production in CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells was higher in CL than in SC cells. While the use of a granzyme B inhibitor decreased the number of apoptotic cells in the CL group, the use of z-VAD-FMK had no effect on the frequency of these cells. These results suggest that CL CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells are more cytotoxic and may be involved in pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.02404-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]],"date-time":"2014-12-23T03:10:36Z","timestamp":1419304236000},"page":"898-906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Protective and Pathological Functions of CD8<sup>+<\/sup>T Cells in Leishmania braziliensis Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Thiago Marconi","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Doen\u00e7as Tropicais (INCT-DT) (CNPq\/MCT), Salvador, BA, 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