{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T08:37:16Z","timestamp":1782549436356,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The enteropathogenic\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            (EPEC) locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)-encoded effectors EspF and Map are multifunctional and have an impact on the tight junction barrier while the non-LEE-encoded proteins NleH1 and NleH2 possess significant anti-inflammatory activity. In order to address the temporal expression of these important genes\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            , their promoters were cloned upstream of the\n            <jats:italic>luxCDABE<\/jats:italic>\n            operon, and luciferase expression was measured in EPEC-infected mice by bioluminescence using an\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            imaging system (IVIS). Bioluminescent images of living mice, of excised whole intestines, and of whole intestines longitudinally opened and washed were assessed. The majority of bioluminescent bacteria localized in the cecum by 3 h postinfection, indicating that the cecum is not only a major colonization site of EPEC but also a site of EPEC effector gene expression in mice.\n            <jats:italic>espF<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>nleH1<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>nleH2<\/jats:italic>\n            were abundantly expressed over the course of infection. In contrast,\n            <jats:italic>map<\/jats:italic>\n            expression was suppressed at 2 days postinfection, and at 4 days postinfection it was totally abolished. After 2 to 4 days postinfection, when\n            <jats:italic>map<\/jats:italic>\n            is suppressed, EPEC colonization is significantly reduced, indicating that\n            <jats:italic>map<\/jats:italic>\n            may be one of the factors required to maintain EPEC colonization. This was confirmed in a competitive colonization study and in two models of chronic infection, repeated exposure to ketamine and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Citrobacter rodentium<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection. Our data suggest that\n            <jats:italic>map<\/jats:italic>\n            expression contributes to the maintenance of EPEC colonization.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.02467-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]],"date-time":"2014-10-14T07:19:53Z","timestamp":1413271193000},"page":"130-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Expression of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Map Is Significantly Different than That of Other Type III Secreted Effectors\n            <i>In Vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Mai","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Microbiology\/Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Rizvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail","family":"Hecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Microbiology\/Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA"},{"name":"Hines VA Medical Center, Hines, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0365"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2012.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-012-0526-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.046516-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/AMicr.59.2012.3.7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2727.98666"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.2082"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.01144.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00783.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.17.7996"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2007.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222195"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2009.00580.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.2.1.14882"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07661.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11138"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2004.00421.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04308.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00820.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01163.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509451103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00680.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02952.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00660.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911609106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.037259-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07400.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Metagenomics and its applications in agriculture, biomedicine and environmental studies","author":"Solovyev V","year":"2011","unstructured":"Solovyev V, Salamov A. 2011. 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