{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:34:51Z","timestamp":1791279291115,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Nontypeable\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n            (NTHI) forms biofilms in the middle ear during human infection. The biofilm matrix of NTHI contains extracellular DNA. We show that NTHI possesses a potent nuclease, which is a homolog of the thermonuclease of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Using a biofilm dispersal assay, studies showed a biofilm dispersal pattern in the parent strain, no evidence of dispersal in the nuclease mutant, and a partial return of dispersion in the complemented mutant. Quantitative PCR of mRNA from biofilms from a 24-h continuous flow system demonstrated a significantly increased expression of the nuclease from planktonic organisms compared to those in the biofilm phase of growth (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.042). Microscopic analysis of biofilms grown\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            showed that in the nuclease mutant the nucleic acid matrix was increased compared to the wild-type and complemented strains. Organisms were typically found in large aggregates, unlike the wild-type and complement biofilms in which the organisms were evenly dispersed throughout the biofilm. At 48 h, the majority of the organisms in the mutant biofilm were dead. The nuclease mutant formed a biofilm in the chinchilla model of otitis media and demonstrated a propensity to also form similar large aggregates of organisms. These studies indicate that NTHI nuclease is involved in biofilm remodeling and organism dispersal.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.02601-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,30]],"date-time":"2014-12-30T08:38:05Z","timestamp":1419928685000},"page":"950-957","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Role of the Nuclease of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in Dispersal of Organisms from Biofilms"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Christine","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aroon","family":"Chande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lokesh","family":"Gakhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"},{"name":"Protein Crystallography Facility, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren O.","family":"Bakaletz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Jurcisek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Ketterer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Gotoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Apicella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/9.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200412-1687OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200112000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.13.1710"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200509-1459OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.1.106-113.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.7.4249-4260.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.6.3210-3218.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.56.012302.160705"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)01913-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01935-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.02.055"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005822"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.10.4943-4950.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01162-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01242-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000319909"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05890.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1994.1353"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/2470"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.09.63"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.56.2.331-335.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-146-10-2395"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00036-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.56.1.128-134.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"27","article-title":"Micrococcal nuclease and some products of its action","volume":"3","author":"Cunningham L","year":"1958","unstructured":"Cunningham L. 1958. Micrococcal nuclease and some products of its action. Ann N Y Acad Sci 3:27\u201339.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01162-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026714"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00660-10"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.02601-14","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.02601-14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T12:45:59Z","timestamp":1646484359000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.02601-14"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"R. 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