{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T09:15:30Z","timestamp":1790154930054,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) protein was believed to be essential for the perpetuation of two Apicomplexa parasite genera,\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Plasmodium<\/jats:named-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Toxoplasma<\/jats:named-content>\n                    , until we genetically engineered viable parasites lacking\n                    <jats:italic>AMA1<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The reduction in invasiveness of the\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    RH-AMA1 knockout (RH-AMA1\n                    <jats:sup>KO<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) tachyzoite population,\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , raised key questions about the outcome associated with these tachyzoites once inoculated in the peritoneal cavity of mice. In this study, we used AMNIS technology to simultaneously quantify and image the parasitic process driven by AMA1\n                    <jats:sup>KO<\/jats:sup>\n                    tachyzoites. We report their ability to colonize and multiply in mesothelial cells and in both resident and recruited leukocytes. While the RH-AMA1\n                    <jats:sup>KO<\/jats:sup>\n                    population amplification is rapidly lethal in immunocompromised mice, it is controlled in immunocompetent hosts, where immune cells in combination sense parasites and secrete proinflammatory cytokines. This innate response further leads to a long-lasting status immunoprotective against a secondary challenge by high inocula of the homologous type I or a distinct type II\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    genotypes. While AMA1 is definitively not an essential protein for tachyzoite entry and multiplication in host cells, it clearly assists the expansion of parasite population\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.02606-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,6]],"date-time":"2015-04-06T21:42:15Z","timestamp":1428356535000},"page":"2475-2486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["AMA1-Deficient Toxoplasma gondii Parasites Transiently Colonize Mice and Trigger an Innate Immune Response That Leads to Long-Lasting Protective Immunity"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Lagal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France"},{"name":"CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris 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