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Several helminth species do not have an obligatory lung migratory phase but establish chronic infections in the host that include potent immune downregulatory effects, in part mediated through induction of a FoxP3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T regulatory cell (Treg) response. Treg cells exhibit duality in their functions in host defense against<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>infection since their depletion leads to enhanced priming of T cells in the lymph nodes and attendant improved control of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>infection, while their presence in the lung granuloma protects against excessive inflammation.<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Heligmosomoides polygyrus<\/jats:named-content>is a strictly murine enteric nematode that induces a strong FoxP3 Treg response in the host. Therefore, in this study we investigated whether host immunity to<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>infection would be modulated in mice with chronic<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. polygyrus<\/jats:named-content>infection. We report that neither primary nor memory immunity conferred by<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:named-content>BCG vaccination was affected in mice with chronic enteric helminth infection, despite a systemic increase in FoxP3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T regulatory cells. The findings indicate that anti-<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>immunity is not similarly affected by all helminth species and highlight the need to consider this inequality in human coinfection studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.03004-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,21]],"date-time":"2015-01-21T06:01:14Z","timestamp":1421820074000},"page":"1217-1223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Neither Primary nor Memory Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Is Compromised in Mice with Chronic Enteric Helminth Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Wasiulla","family":"Rafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers\u2014The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamlesh","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers\u2014The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Gause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers\u2014The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Padmini","family":"Salgame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers\u2014The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031912-114431"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e3283524dc5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"259","article-title":"Non-specific suppression of antigen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis in Onchocerca volvulus infection in man","volume":"52","author":"Greene BM","year":"1983","unstructured":"Greene BM, Fanning MM, Ellner JJ. 1983. 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