{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:11:35Z","timestamp":1792649495484,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]],"date-time":"2015-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>must migrate within and between its arthropod and mammalian hosts in order to complete its natural enzootic cycle. During tick feeding, the spirochete transmits from the tick to the host dermis, eventually colonizing and persisting within multiple, distant tissues. This dissemination modality suggests that flagellar motor rotation and, by extension, motility are crucial for infection. We recently reported that a nonmotile<jats:italic>flaB<\/jats:italic>mutant that lacks periplasmic flagella is rod shaped and unable to infect mice by needle or tick bite. However, those studies could not differentiate whether motor rotation or merely the possession of the periplasmic flagella was crucial for cellular morphology and host persistence. Here, we constructed and characterized a<jats:italic>motB<\/jats:italic>mutant that is nonmotile but retains its periplasmic flagella. Even though \u0394<jats:italic>motB<\/jats:italic>bacteria assembled flagella, part of the mutant cell is rod shaped. Cryoelectron tomography revealed that the flagellar ribbons are distorted in the mutant cells, indicating that motor rotation is essential for spirochetal flat-wave morphology. The \u0394<jats:italic>motB<\/jats:italic>cells are unable to infect mice, survive in the vector, or migrate out of the tick. Coinfection studies determined that the presence of these nonmotile \u0394<jats:italic>motB<\/jats:italic>cells has no effect on the clearance of wild-type spirochetes during murine infection and vice versa. Together, our data demonstrate that while flagellar motor rotation is necessary for spirochetal morphology and motility, the periplasmic flagella display no additional properties related to immune clearance and persistence within relevant hosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.03097-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,18]],"date-time":"2015-02-18T08:16:15Z","timestamp":1424247375000},"page":"1765-1777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Motor Rotation Is Essential for the Formation of the Periplasmic Flagellar Ribbon, Cellular Morphology, and Borrelia burgdorferi Persistence within Ixodes scapularis Tick and Murine Hosts"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Syed Z.","family":"Sultan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padmapriya","family":"Sekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akarsh","family":"Manne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Mark","family":"Wooten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Motaleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1475"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.36.010191.003103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-011112-112140"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2714"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800262-9.00002-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002079"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI39401"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2013.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"What ticks do under your skin: two-photon intravital imaging of Ixodes scapularis feeding in the presence of the Lyme disease spirochete","volume":"87","author":"Bockenstedt LK","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bockenstedt LK, Gonzalez D, Mao J, Li M, Belperron AA, Haberman A. 2014. What ticks do under your skin: two-photon intravital imaging of Ixodes scapularis feeding in the presence of the Lyme disease spirochete. Yale J Biol Med 87:3\u201313.","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.36.041602.134359"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-092611-150145"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07078.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00145-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01228-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001633"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000222"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(04)33003-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(88)90287-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2849208"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi011264g"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01031-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi500059y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1308306110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1887"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(02)00302-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00340-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2009.02.066"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.092010499"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.06613.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07853.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01288-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200221797"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.22.6558-6564.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000094056"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00993-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047532"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2009.9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/IR:33:1:083"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-2508(96)80276-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2002.tb02778.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/431605"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00048-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.1.36-42.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01176-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.4.2139-2150.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/37551"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(06)22021-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00202-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000073406"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.9.2445-2452.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.7.2289-2299.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.9.5286-5293.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jsbi.1996.0013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00075-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05153-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07191.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.1.161-168.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.2.948","article-title":"Identification of quantitative trait loci governing arthritis severity and humoral responses in the murine model of Lyme disease","volume":"162","author":"Weis JJ","year":"1999","unstructured":"Weis JJ, McCracken BA, Ma Y, Fairbairn D, Roper RJ, Morrison TB, Weis JH, Zachary JF, Doerge RW, Teuscher C. 1999. Identification of quantitative trait loci governing arthritis severity and humoral responses in the murine model of Lyme disease. J Immunol 162:948\u2013956.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.10.5142-5150.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","first-page":"85","article-title":"Transposon mutagenesis of the Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"431","author":"Stewart PE","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stewart PE, Rosa PA. 2008. Transposon mutagenesis of the Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi. Methods Mol Biol 431:85\u201395.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-40.3.364"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01802-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019536"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.1.348"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/138069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.10.5877-5881.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.07461-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.3548"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00998.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.12.3703-3711.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/30.1.199"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/153036602760260724"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1997.1316"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00362-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.23.7963-7969.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(97)00244-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.10.4154-4162.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00131-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072550"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.08.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35074106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-37-2-123"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01478.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.4.1984-1990.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/1438-4221-00173"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-48-10-907"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1207"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1090124"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.4323-4326.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.51.2.536-546.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.10.7076"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/3209"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2013.00026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01421-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.10.027"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.03097-14","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.03097-14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,6]],"date-time":"2023-08-06T08:39:29Z","timestamp":1691311169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.03097-14"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"A.","family":"Camilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.03097-14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.03097-14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-12-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-02-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-04-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}