{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T11:59:59Z","timestamp":1791115199286,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]],"date-time":"2011-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309478400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aims of this study were to investigate the frequency of pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) in mice unable to produce functional B and T lymphocytes and to explore the effect of an inducible nitric oxide synthase gene (<jats:italic>Inos<\/jats:italic>) knockout (KO) on the frequency\/severity of interstitial nephritis<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. We studied the outcome of infection by the virulent<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:named-content>serovar Copenhageni strain Cop. The animals used were<jats:italic>Inos<\/jats:italic>KO mice, recombination activating gene 1 (<jats:italic>Rag1<\/jats:italic>) KO mice, CB17 severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, and the respective wild-type (WT) C57BL\/6 and BALB\/c controls. The<jats:italic>Inos<\/jats:italic>KO and WT mice survived with no clinical symptoms of leptospirosis. The frequency and severity of nephritis was significantly lower in the<jats:italic>Inos<\/jats:italic>KO mice. All of the<jats:italic>Rag1<\/jats:italic>KO and SCID animals died of acute leptospirosis, whereas all of the WT mice survived. PH was observed in 57 and 94% of<jats:italic>Rag1<\/jats:italic>KO mice and in 83 and 100% of SCID mice, using inoculum doses of 10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>and 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>leptospires, respectively. There was no evidence of PH in the WT controls. In conclusion, the loss of the<jats:italic>Inos<\/jats:italic>gene had a negligible effect on the outcome of leptospiral infection, although we observed a reduced susceptibility for interstitial nephritis in this group. Of note, the absence of functional B- and T-cell lymphocytes did not preclude the occurrence of PH. These data provide evidence that PH in leptospirosis may not be related only to autoimmune mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.05099-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,17]],"date-time":"2011-05-17T01:57:30Z","timestamp":1305597450000},"page":"2936-2940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Attenuated Nephritis in Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Knockout C57BL\/6 Mice and Pulmonary Hemorrhage in CB17 SCID and Recombination Activating Gene 1 Knockout C57BL\/6 Mice Infected with Leptospira interrogans"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Maur\u00edcio","family":"Bandeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cleiton S.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Everton C.","family":"de Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciane Marieta","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00falio O.","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"},{"name":"Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samyra","family":"Marchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline Luane R.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adenizar D.","family":"Chagas-Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan J. 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C.","family":"McBride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitermayer G.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"},{"name":"Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Athanazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"},{"name":"Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2007.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2007.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-86702008000300016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.014050-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/000349809X12459740922336"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02916.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"CrodaJ. 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