{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:47:13Z","timestamp":1792676833615,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The most recently discovered secretion pathway in Gram-negative bacteria, the type VI secretion system (T6SS), is present in many species and is considered important for the survival of non-O1 non-O139\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            in aquatic environments. Until now, it was not known whether there is a functionally active T6SS in wild-type\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            O1 strains, the cause of cholera disease in humans. Here, we demonstrate the presence of a functionally active T6SS in wild-type\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            O1 strains, as evidenced by the secretion of the T6SS substrate Hcp, which required several gene products encoded within the putative\n            <jats:italic>vas<\/jats:italic>\n            gene cluster. Our analyses showed that the T6SS of wild-type\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            O1 strain A1552 was functionally activated when the bacteria were grown under high-osmolarity conditions. The T6SS was also active when the bacteria were grown under low temperature (23\u00b0C), suggesting that the system may be important for the survival of the bacterium in the environment. A test of the interbacterial virulence of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            strain A1552 against an\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            K-12 strain showed that it was strongly enhanced under high osmolarity and that it depended on the\n            <jats:italic>hcp<\/jats:italic>\n            genes. Interestingly, we found that the newly recognized osmoregulatory protein OscR plays a role in the regulation of T6SS gene expression and secretion of Hcp from\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            O1 strains.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.05510-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]],"date-time":"2011-11-15T14:16:48Z","timestamp":1321366608000},"page":"575-584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Pathoadaptive Conditional Regulation of the Type VI Secretion System in Vibrio cholerae O1 Strains"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Takahiko","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Ume\u00e5 University, SE-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Ume\u00e5 Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Ume\u00e5 University, SE-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dharmesh","family":"Sabharwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Ume\u00e5 University, SE-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Ume\u00e5 Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Ume\u00e5 University, SE-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanette","family":"Br\u00f6ms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ume\u00e5 University, SE-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Ume\u00e5 University, SE-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Ume\u00e5 Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Ume\u00e5 University, SE-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra L.","family":"Milton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Ume\u00e5 University, SE-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Ume\u00e5 Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Ume\u00e5 University, SE-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Sj\u00f6stedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ume\u00e5 University, SE-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Ume\u00e5 University, SE-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Ume\u00e5 Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Ume\u00e5 University, SE-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernt Eric","family":"Uhlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Ume\u00e5 University, SE-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Ume\u00e5 University, SE-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Ume\u00e5 Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Ume\u00e5 University, SE-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun Nyunt","family":"Wai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Ume\u00e5 University, SE-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Ume\u00e5 Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Ume\u00e5 University, SE-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.7.2721-2725.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04938.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00370-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2008.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2010.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(77)90000-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(76)90119-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.910135"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-009-0273-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"287","article-title":"Identification of a unique IAHP (IcmF associated homologous proteins) cluster in Vibrio cholerae and other proteobacteria through in silico analysis","volume":"3","author":"Das S","year":"2003","unstructured":"DasSChaudhuriK. 2003. 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