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Although<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:named-content>, an intracellular bacterium found widely in the environment, often causes a serious and life-threatening pneumonia in humans, the contribution of IL-17 to immune function during<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Legionella<\/jats:named-content>pneumonia is unknown. In the present study, we used an experimental<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Legionella<\/jats:named-content>pneumonia infection to clarify the role of IL-17 in the resulting immune response. We observed robust production of pulmonary IL-17A and IL-17F (IL-17A\/F), peaking on day 1 and declining thereafter. Upregulated production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1), IL-6, and IL-1\u03b2, but not monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), was observed in<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Legionella<\/jats:named-content>-infected bone marrow-derived macrophages from BALB\/c mice that had been stimulated with IL-17A or IL-17F. A significant decrease in the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 was observed in IL-17A\/F-deficient mice (BALB\/c background) infected with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. pneumophila<\/jats:named-content>. Moreover, we found impaired neutrophil migration and lower numbers of chemokines (KC, LIX, and MIP-2) in IL-17A\/F-deficient mice. IL-17A\/F-deficient mice also eliminated<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. pneumophila<\/jats:named-content>more slowly and were less likely to survive a lethal challenge. These results demonstrate that IL-17A\/F plays a critical role in<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. pneumophila<\/jats:named-content>pneumonia, probably through induction of proinflammatory cytokines and accumulation of neutrophils at the infection site.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.05544-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,6]],"date-time":"2011-12-06T06:01:54Z","timestamp":1323151314000},"page":"1121-1127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Roles of Interleukin-17 in an Experimental Legionella pneumophila Pneumonia Model"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Yoshifumi","family":"Kimizuka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soichiro","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoo","family":"Saga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Betsuyaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoichiro","family":"Iwakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Experimental Medicine and System Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Tateda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keizo","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1710"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.6.2114"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.7.3029-3034.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.1.409","article-title":"Enhancing effect of IL-17 on IL-1-induced IL-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor production by rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes and its regulation by Th2 cytokines","volume":"161","author":"Chabaud M","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chabaud M, Fossiez F, Taupin JL, Miossec P. 1998. 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