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A substantial proportion of these infections are caused by<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:named-content>serovar Typhimurium. Here, we characterize the role of the enterobacterial common antigen (ECA), a surface glycolipid ubiquitous among enteric bacteria, in<jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>Typhimurium pathogenesis. Construction of a defined mutation in the UDP-<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase gene,<jats:italic>wecA<\/jats:italic>, in two clinically relevant strains of<jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>Typhimurium, TML and SL1344, resulted in strains that were unable to produce ECA. Loss of ECA did not affect the gross cell surface ultrastructure, production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), flagella, or motility. However, the<jats:italic>wecA<\/jats:italic>mutant strains were attenuated in both oral and intraperitoneal mouse models of infection (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001 for both routes of infection; log rank test), and virulence could be restored by complementation of the<jats:italic>wecA<\/jats:italic>gene in<jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>. Despite the avirulence of the ECA-deficient strains, the<jats:italic>wecA<\/jats:italic>mutant strains were able to persistently colonize systemic sites (spleen and liver) at moderate levels for up to 70 days postinfection. Moreover, immunization with the<jats:italic>wecA<\/jats:italic>mutant strains provided protection against a subsequent lethal oral or intraperitoneal challenge with wild-type<jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>Typhimurium. Thus,<jats:italic>wecA<\/jats:italic>mutant (ECA-negative) strains of<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>may be useful as live attenuated vaccine strains or as vehicles for heterologous antigen expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.05559-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,25]],"date-time":"2011-10-25T02:21:28Z","timestamp":1319509288000},"page":"441-450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Enterobacterial Common Antigen Mutants of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Establish a Persistent Infection and Provide Protection against Subsequent Lethal Challenge"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Jeremy J.","family":"Gilbreath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Colvocoresses Dodds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Rick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Soloski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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