{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:45:00Z","timestamp":1791909900859,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Shigella dysenteriae<\/jats:named-content>\n            serotype 1 (\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. dysenteriae<\/jats:named-content>\n            1) is unique among the\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Shigella<\/jats:named-content>\n            species and serotypes in the expression of Shiga toxin which contributes to more severe disease sequelae and the ability to cause explosive outbreaks and pandemics.\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. dysenteriae<\/jats:named-content>\n            1 shares characteristics with other\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Shigella<\/jats:named-content>\n            species, including the capability of causing clinical illness with a very low inoculum (10 to 100 CFU) and resistance to multiple antibiotics, underscoring the need for efficacious vaccines and therapeutics. Following the demonstration of the successful attenuating capacity of deletion mutations in the\n            <jats:italic>guaBA<\/jats:italic>\n            operon in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. flexneri<\/jats:named-content>\n            2a vaccine strains in clinical studies, we developed a series of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. dysenteriae<\/jats:named-content>\n            1 vaccine candidates containing the fundamental attenuating mutation in\n            <jats:italic>guaBA.<\/jats:italic>\n            All strains are devoid of Shiga toxin activity by specific deletion of the gene encoding the StxA subunit, which encodes enzymatic activity. The StxB subunit was overexpressed in several derivatives by either plasmid-based constructs or chromosomal manipulation to include a strong promoter. All strains are attenuated for growth\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            in the HeLa cell assay and for plaque formation and were safe in the Ser\u00e9ny test and immunogenic in the guinea pigs. Each strain induced robust serum and mucosal anti-\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. dysenteriae<\/jats:named-content>\n            1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) responses and protected against wild-type challenge. Two strains engineered to overexpress StxB induced high titers of Shiga toxin neutralizing antibodies. These candidates demonstrate the potential for a live attenuated vaccine to protect against disease caused by\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. dysenteriae<\/jats:named-content>\n            1 and potentially to protect against the toxic effects of other Shiga toxin 1-expressing pathogens.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.05814-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,4]],"date-time":"2011-10-04T03:47:52Z","timestamp":1317700072000},"page":"4912-4922","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Live Attenuated Shigella dysenteriae Type 1 Vaccine Strains Overexpressing Shiga Toxin B Subunit"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christen","family":"Grassel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myron M.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen M.","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.1.355-357.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.3.1352-1360.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92815-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"281","article-title":"Shigella and Salmonella species from Kigali (Rwanda) (1976-1982)","volume":"65","author":"Bogaerts J.","year":"1985","unstructured":"BogaertsJ.. 1985. 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