{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T09:08:06Z","timestamp":1764493686520},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Sialylated glycoconjugates on the surfaces of mammalian cells play important roles in intercellular communication and self-recognition. The sialic acid preferentially expressed in human tissues is\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). In a process called molecular mimicry, many bacterial pathogens decorate their cell surface glycolipids with Neu5Ac. Incorporation of Neu5Ac into bacterial glycolipids promotes bacterial interactions with host cell receptors called Siglecs. These interactions affect bacterial adherence, resistance to serum killing and phagocytosis, and innate immune responses.\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Haemophilus ducreyi<\/jats:named-content>\n            , the etiologic agent of chancroid, expresses lipooligosaccharides (LOS) that are highly sialylated. However, an\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">H. ducreyi<\/jats:named-content>\n            sialyltransferase (\n            <jats:italic>lst<\/jats:italic>\n            ) mutant, whose LOS contain reduced levels of Neu5Ac, is fully virulent in human volunteers. Recently, a second sialyltransferase gene (\n            <jats:italic>Hd0053<\/jats:italic>\n            ) was discovered in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">H. ducreyi<\/jats:named-content>\n            , raising the possibility that\n            <jats:italic>Hd0053<\/jats:italic>\n            compensated for the loss of\n            <jats:italic>lst<\/jats:italic>\n            during human infection. CMP-Neu5Ac is the obligate nucleotide sugar donor for all bacterial sialyltransferases; LOS derived from an\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">H. ducreyi<\/jats:named-content>\n            CMP-Neu5Ac synthetase (\n            <jats:italic>neuA<\/jats:italic>\n            ) mutant has no detectable Neu5Ac. Here, we compared an\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">H. ducreyi neuA<\/jats:named-content>\n            mutant to its wild-type parent in several models of pathogenesis. In human inoculation experiments, the\n            <jats:italic>neuA<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant formed papules and pustules at rates that were no different than those of its parent. When grown in media with and without Neu5Ac supplementation, the\n            <jats:italic>neuA<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant and its parent had similar phenotypes in bactericidal, macrophage uptake, and dendritic cell activation assays. Although we cannot preclude a contribution of LOS sialylation to ulcerative disease, these data strongly suggest that sialylation of LOS is dispensable for\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">H. ducreyi<\/jats:named-content>\n            pathogenesis in humans.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.05826-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,6]],"date-time":"2011-12-06T06:01:54Z","timestamp":1323151314000},"page":"679-687","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Sialylation of Lipooligosaccharides Is Dispensable for the Virulence of Haemophilus ducreyi in Humans"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Stanley M.","family":"Spinola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"},{"name":"Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"},{"name":"Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"},{"name":"The Center for Immunobiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate R.","family":"Fortney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane M.","family":"Janowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beth","family":"Zwickl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barry P.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Robert S.","family":"Munson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University,Columbus, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University,Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.6.3431-3439.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.1996.0089"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314483"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(94)35145-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.2.506"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/588001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00702-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.4.2549-2557.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2006.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/596656"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.3.1488-1491.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1432026100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.7.4106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-11-187302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.3.1608-1619.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.1998.0219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.5.2651-2658.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00675-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0437851100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02666.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01273-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.1998.0250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.02.054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00777-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.9.4870-4879.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.2.1394-1397.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.8.4528-4533.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/598966"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-208"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03634.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.6.3210-3218.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/600142"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.6.3418-3428.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.07.063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.171.5.1649"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00832-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.2008.00439.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.2.564-570.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-008-1643-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.12.7808-7816.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01014-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03537.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.10.6727-6735.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01016-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01400-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0107849"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.6.1422"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/009480-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04901.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","first-page":"689","volume-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases","author":"Spinola SM","year":"2008","unstructured":"SpinolaSM. 2008. Chancroid and Haemophilus ducreyi, p 689\u2013699. In HolmesKK (ed), Sexually transmitted diseases, 4th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.11.6658-6663.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00432-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.12.7178-7182.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.5.2454-2462.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.10.5994-6003.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0914634107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01925.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.68.1.132-153.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.11.060"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.8.4726-4733.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00433-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.12.6335-6340.1999"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.05826-11","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.05826-11","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T12:11:08Z","timestamp":1646482268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.05826-11"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"S. R.","family":"Blanke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.05826-11"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.05826-11","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-08-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-11-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-01-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}