{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:42:27Z","timestamp":1789389747144,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The best-studied\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:named-content>\n            virulence factor associated with development of peptic ulcer disease or gastric cancer (GC) rather than asymptomatic nonatrophic gastritis (NAG) is the\n            <jats:italic>cag<\/jats:italic>\n            pathogenicity island (\n            <jats:italic>cag<\/jats:italic>\n            PAI), which encodes a type IV secretion system (T4SS) that injects the CagA oncoprotein into host epithelial cells. Here we used real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) to measure the\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            expression of genes on the\n            <jats:italic>cag<\/jats:italic>\n            PAI and of other virulence genes in patients with NAG, duodenal ulcer (DU), or GC.\n            <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            expression of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">H. pylori<\/jats:named-content>\n            virulence genes was greater overall in gastric biopsy specimens of patients with GC than in those of patients with NAG or DU. However, since\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            expression of\n            <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n            was not greater in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">H. pylori<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains from patients with GC than in those from patients with NAG or DU, increased expression in GC\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            is likely a result of environmental conditions in the gastric mucosa, though it may in turn cause more severe pathology. Increased expression of virulence genes in GC may represent a stress response to elevated pH or other environmental conditions in the stomach of patients with GC, which may be less hospitable to\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">H. pylori<\/jats:named-content>\n            colonization than the acidic environment in patients with NAG or DU.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.05845-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,29]],"date-time":"2011-11-29T23:31:49Z","timestamp":1322609509000},"page":"594-601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["<i>In Vivo<\/i>\n            Expression of Helicobacter pylori Virulence Genes in Patients with Gastritis, Ulcer, and Gastric Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Francisco","family":"Avil\u00e9s-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Pediatr\u00eda, IMSS, M\u00e9xico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Reyes-Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda, M\u00e9xico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Nieto-Patl\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, ENCB IPN, M\u00e9xico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori M.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Microbiology &amp; Immunology, Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Burgue\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop Research Informatics Laboratory, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, M\u00e9xico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irma P.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Pediatr\u00eda, IMSS, M\u00e9xico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Camorlinga-Ponce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Pediatr\u00eda, IMSS, M\u00e9xico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hector","family":"Berm\u00fadez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Oncolog\u00eda, IMSS, M\u00e9xico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan M.","family":"Blancas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Especialidades, IMSS, M\u00e9xico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Especialidades, IMSS, M\u00e9xico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa Mar\u00eda","family":"Ribas-Aparicio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, ENCB IPN, M\u00e9xico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay V.","family":"Solnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Microbiology &amp; Immunology, Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Torres-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Pediatr\u00eda, IMSS, M\u00e9xico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/16495"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1081919"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00060-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"AusubelFMBrentRKingstonRE. 1990. 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