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Exploration of the cellular and histological components of the placental barrier is in its infancy, and both how and where<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>breaches it are unknown. The human placenta presents two anatomical interfaces between maternal cells and fetal cells (trophoblasts): (i) the villous region where maternal blood bathes syncytialized trophoblasts for nutrient exchange and (ii) the maternal decidua, where mononuclear, extravillous trophoblasts anchor the villous region to the uterus. Using first-trimester human placental explants, we demonstrate that the latter site is significantly more vulnerable to infection, despite presenting a vastly smaller surface. This is consistent with past findings concerning two vertically transmitted viruses and one bacterium. We further explore whether three genetically distinct<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>types (I, II, and III) are capable of preferential placental infection and survival in this model. We find no difference in these strains' ability to infect placental explants; however, slightly slower growth is evident in type II (Prugniaud [Pru]) parasites relative to other cell types, although this did not quite achieve statistical significance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.05899-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]],"date-time":"2011-11-15T14:16:48Z","timestamp":1321366608000},"page":"418-428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":157,"title":["Tissue Barriers of the Human Placenta to Infection with Toxoplasma gondii"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Jennifer R.","family":"Robbins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA"},{"name":"Program in Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Defense, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varvara B.","family":"Zeldovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA"},{"name":"Program in Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Defense, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Poukchanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Boothroyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna I.","family":"Bakardjiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA"},{"name":"Program in Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Defense, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/377132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"511","article-title":"Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii strains from female patients with toxoplasmosis","volume":"38","author":"Abdel-Hameed DM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Abdel-HameedDMHassaneinOM. 2008. 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