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Here we identify neutrophils as the primary IL-17-secreting subset of cells in a model of inhalation anthrax using A\/J and C57BL\/6 mice. With IL-17 receptor A knockout (IL-17RA\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            ) mice, we confirmed that IL-17A\/F signaling is instrumental in the self-recruitment of this population. We also show that the IL-17A\/F axis is critical for surviving pulmonary infection, as IL-17RA\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice become susceptible to intranasal infection by\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n            Sterne spores. Strikingly, infection with a fully virulent strain did not affect IL-17RA\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mouse survival. Eventually, by depleting neutrophils in wild-type and IL-17RA\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice, we demonstrated the crucial role of IL-17-secreting neutrophils in mouse survival of infection by fully virulent\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n            . This work demonstrates the important roles of both IL-17 signaling and neutrophils in clearing this pathogen and surviving pulmonary\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.05988-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,25]],"date-time":"2011-10-25T02:21:28Z","timestamp":1319509288000},"page":"131-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Differential Role of the Interleukin-17 Axis and Neutrophils in Resolution of Inhalational Anthrax"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"K\u00e9vin","family":"Garraud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Interactions H\u00f4te-Agents Pathog\u00e8nes, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es, Centre de Recherches du Service de Sant\u00e9 des Arm\u00e9es, La Tronche, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Cleret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Interactions H\u00f4te-Agents Pathog\u00e8nes, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es, Centre de Recherches du Service de Sant\u00e9 des Arm\u00e9es, La Tronche, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Mathieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Interactions H\u00f4te-Agents Pathog\u00e8nes, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es, Centre de Recherches du Service de Sant\u00e9 des Arm\u00e9es, La Tronche, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Fiole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Interactions H\u00f4te-Agents Pathog\u00e8nes, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es, Centre de Recherches du Service de Sant\u00e9 des Arm\u00e9es, La Tronche, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Gauthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Interactions H\u00f4te-Agents Pathog\u00e8nes, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es, Centre de Recherches du Service de Sant\u00e9 des Arm\u00e9es, La Tronche, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Quesnel-Hellmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Interactions H\u00f4te-Agents Pathog\u00e8nes, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es, Centre de Recherches du Service de Sant\u00e9 des Arm\u00e9es, La Tronche, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Nicolas","family":"Tournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Interactions H\u00f4te-Agents Pathog\u00e8nes, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es, Centre de Recherches du Service de Sant\u00e9 des Arm\u00e9es, La Tronche, France"},{"name":"Ecole du Val-de-Gr\u00e2ce, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/br.25.3.268-273.1961"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00606.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00069-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.12.7994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.1.469-480.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","article-title":"Key aspects of the molecular and cellular basis of inhalational anthrax","author":"Cote CK","unstructured":"CoteCKWelkosSLBozueJ. 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