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Contrasting the properties of ABU strains to those of uropathogenic isolates causing symptomatic infection is therefore highly relevant to understand mechanisms of bacterial adaptation. The prototype ABU strain<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>83972 has a smaller genome than uropathogenic<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>(UPEC) strains with deletions or point mutations in several virulence genes, suggesting that ABU strains undergo a programmed reductive evolution within human hosts. This study addressed if these observations can be generalized. Strains causing ABU in outpatients or hospitalized patients after catheterization or other invasive procedures were compared to commensal<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>isolates from the intestinal flora of healthy individuals. Notably, clonal complex 73 (CC73) was a prominent phylogenetic lineage dominated by ABU isolates. ABU isolates from outpatients and hospitalized patients had a similar overall virulence gene repertoire, which distinguished them from many commensals, but typical UPEC virulence genes were less frequently attenuated in hospital strains than in outpatient strains or commensals. The decreased virulence potential of outpatient ABU isolates relative to that of ABU strains from hospitalized patients supports the hypothesis that loss of expression or decay of virulence genes facilitates long-term carriage and adaptation to host environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.06191-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,22]],"date-time":"2011-11-22T07:00:38Z","timestamp":1321945238000},"page":"668-678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Comparison of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Individuals versus Those from Hospital Patients Shows that Long-Term Bladder Colonization Selects for Attenuated Virulence Phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Ellaine","family":"Salvador","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Wagenlehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian-Daniel","family":"K\u00f6hler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Hygiene, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Mellmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Hygiene, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Hacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, Halle\/Saale, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catharina","family":"Svanborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Dobrindt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Hygiene, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116650"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.9.2915-2921.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/383278"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2005.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-2-3-225"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00327658"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1407"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bth078"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.106.063305"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.6.1831-1840.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)81145-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)90788-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)56318-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/164.4.1567"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1080857"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01643482"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.2.794-799.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028289"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4118","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.134.6.4118","article-title":"Evidence for separate genetic defects in C3H\/HeJ and C3HeB\/FeJ mice, that affect susceptibility to gram-negative infections","volume":"134","author":"Hagberg L","year":"1985","unstructured":"HagbergLBrilesDEEdenCS. 1985. 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