{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:09:52Z","timestamp":1791230992358,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about the molecular pathogenesis of hepatitis and enterocolitis caused by enterohepatic<jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>species. Sonicates of the murine pathogen<jats:italic>Helicobacter hepaticus<\/jats:italic>were found to cause progressive cell distension, accumulation of filamentous actin, and G<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/M cell cycle arrest in HeLa cell monolayers. The genes encoding this cytotoxic activity were cloned from<jats:italic>H. hepaticus<\/jats:italic>. Three open reading frames with closest homology to<jats:italic>cdtA<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>cdtB<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>cdtC<\/jats:italic>from<jats:italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:italic>were identified. Sonicates of a laboratory strain of<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>carrying the cloned<jats:italic>cdtABC<\/jats:italic>gene cluster from<jats:italic>H. hepaticus<\/jats:italic>reproduced the cytotoxic activities seen with sonicates of<jats:italic>H. hepaticus<\/jats:italic>. Cytolethal distending toxin activity is a potential virulence determinant of<jats:italic>H. hepaticus<\/jats:italic>that may play a role in the pathogenesis of<jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>-associated hepatitis and enterocolitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.68.1.184-191.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T17:57:25Z","timestamp":1241200645000},"page":"184-191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Cytolethal Distending Toxin Sequence and Activity in the Enterohepatic Pathogen<i>Helicobacter hepaticus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Vincent B.","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Division of Bioengineering and Environmental Health1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 021142"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Knox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Division of Comparative Medicine,3 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Schauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Division of Bioengineering and Environmental Health1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Division of Comparative Medicine,3 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00770.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.3.717-719.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.5.1092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/16495"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.9.3774-3780.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.1998.00438.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1990.tb03821.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90376-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.8.3126-3131.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.25.14648"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.12.5088-5095.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.8.4056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02612.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.5.1646-1650.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"124","article-title":"The expanding genus of Helicobacter: pathogenic and zoonotic potential","volume":"8","author":"Fox J. G.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fox J. G. The expanding genus of Helicobacter: pathogenic and zoonotic potential.Semin. Gastrointest. Dis.81997124141","journal-title":"Semin. Gastrointest. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.5.1238-1245.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.5.1548-1558.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.9.3673-3681.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.2.445-454.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019262339802600503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0882-4010(88)90053-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0882-4010(88)90052-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.11.5157-5166.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.1.142"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.2.428-433.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0882-4010(95)90022-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.6.2070-2078.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-140-12-3441"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549709019053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.8.3900-3908.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.10.5008-5019.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-42-1-48"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/41483"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5673","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.10.5673","article-title":"IL-7 deficiency prevents development of a non-T cell non-B cell-mediated colitis","volume":"161","author":"von Freeden-Jeffry U.","year":"1998","unstructured":"von Freeden-Jeffry U. Davidson N. Wiler R. Fort M. Burdach S. Murray R. IL-7 deficiency prevents development of a non-T cell non-B cell-mediated colitis.J. Immunol.161199856735680","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Inflammatory large bowel disease in immunodeficient mice naturally infected with Helicobacter hepaticus","volume":"46","author":"Ward J. M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ward J. M. Anver M. R. Haines D. C. Melhorn J. M. Gorelick P. Yan L. Fox J. G. Inflammatory large bowel disease in immunodeficient mice naturally infected with Helicobacter hepaticus.Lab. Anim. Sci.4619961520","journal-title":"Lab. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/86.16.1222"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.7.3142-3148.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.5.1934-1940.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.116.1.197"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.68.1.184-191.2000","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.68.1.184-191.2000","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:15:37Z","timestamp":1684973737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.68.1.184-191.2000"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"P. E.","family":"Orndorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.68.1.184-191.2000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.68.1.184-191.2000","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1999-07-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-10-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}