{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T21:33:07Z","timestamp":1791149587861,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]],"date-time":"2000-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":970358400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein with a well-known association with infection and other inflammatory conditions. We have shown that expression of human CRP by CRP transgenic (CRPtg) mice is protective against lethal infection by<jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, an effect likely mediated by CRP's ability to bind to this gram-positive pathogen. In the present study we tested whether CRPtg mice are resistant to infection with<jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>serovar Typhimurium, a gram-negative pathogen that causes the murine equivalent of typhoid fever. CRPtg mice experimentally infected with a virulent Typhimurium strain lived longer and had significantly lower mortality than their non-tg littermates. The greater resistance of CRPtg mice could be attributed to significantly increased early (0 to 4 h) blood clearance of salmonellae and significantly decreased numbers of bacteria in the liver and spleen on day 7 postinfection. In addition, 14 days after infection with an avirulent<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>strain, the serum titer of anti-<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>immunoglobulin G antibodies was higher in CRPtg than non-tg mice. This study provides unequivocal evidence that CRP plays an important role in vivo in host defense against salmonellae during the early stages of infection. In addition, as the beneficial effect of CRP includes enhancement of the host's humoral immune response, CRP may also contribute indirectly to host defense during later stages of infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.68.10.5652-5656.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:58:18Z","timestamp":1027763898000},"page":"5652-5656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Human C-Reactive Protein Is Protective against Fatal<i>Salmonella enterica<\/i>Serovar Typhimurium Infection in Transgenic Mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Szalai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. L.","family":"VanCott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Microbiology,2 The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry R.","family":"McGhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Microbiology,2 The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Volanakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine,1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Biomedical Sciences Research Center \u201cA. Fleming,\u201d 16672 Vari, Greece3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"William H.","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Microbiology,2 The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrawal A. Kilpatrick J. M. Volanakis J. E. Structure and function of human C-reactive protein Acute-phase proteins: molecular biology biochemistry and clinical applications. Mackiewicz A. Kushner I. Baumann H. 1993 79 92 CRC Press Ann Arbor Mich","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003068587-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.3.853-857.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.8.3143","article-title":"The primary effect of the Ity locus is on the rate of growth of Salmonella typhimurium that are relatively protected from killing","volume":"144","author":"Benjamin W. H.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Benjamin W. H. Jr. Hall P. Roberts S. J. Briles D. E. The primary effect of the Ity locus is on the rate of growth of Salmonella typhimurium that are relatively protected from killing.J. Immunol.144199031433151","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.127.3.906","article-title":"A genetic locus responsible for salmonella susceptibility is not responsible for the limited T-dependent immune responsiveness of BSVS mice","volume":"127","author":"Briles D. E.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Briles D. E. Benjamin W. H. Jr. Williams C. A. Davie J. M. A genetic locus responsible for salmonella susceptibility is not responsible for the limited T-dependent immune responsiveness of BSVS mice.J. Immunol.1271981906911","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.57.5.1457-1464.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0882-4010(89)90086-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(98)80028-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"888","article-title":"Use of the nirB promoter to direct the stable expression of heterologous antigens in Salmonella oral vaccines: development of a single dose oral tetanus vaccine","volume":"10","author":"Chatfield S. N.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Chatfield S. N. Charles I. G. Makoff A. J. Oxer M. D. Dougan G. Pickard D. Slater D. Fairweather N. F. Use of the nirB promoter to direct the stable expression of heterologous antigens in Salmonella oral vaccines: development of a single dose oral tetanus vaccine.Biotechnology101992888892","journal-title":"Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02745.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-4481-0_26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5258.50"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.49.100195.001045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902113400607"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3689","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.149.11.3689","article-title":"Serum amyloid P component binds to histones and activates the classical complement pathway","volume":"149","author":"Hicks P. S.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hicks P. S. Saunero-Nava L. Du Clos T. W. Mold C. Serum amyloid P component binds to histones and activates the classical complement pathway.J. Immunol.149199236893694","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.159.4.1058"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"319","article-title":"Genetics of natural resistance to salmonellae in mice","volume":"37","author":"Hormaeche C. E.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Hormaeche C. E. Genetics of natural resistance to salmonellae in mice.Immunology371979319327","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2598","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.138.8.2598","article-title":"Blood clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae by C-reactive protein","volume":"138","author":"Horowitz J.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Horowitz J. Volanakis J. E. Briles D. E. Blood clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae by C-reactive protein.J. Immunol.138198725982603","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"2135","article-title":"Interaction of C-reactive protein complexes with the complement system. I. Consumption of human complement associated with the reaction of C-reactive protein with pneumococcal C-polysaccharide and with the choline phosphatides, lecithin and sphingomyelin","volume":"112","author":"Kaplan M. H.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Kaplan M. H. Volanakis J. E. Interaction of C-reactive protein complexes with the complement system. I. Consumption of human complement associated with the reaction of C-reactive protein with pneumococcal C-polysaccharide and with the choline phosphatides, lecithin and sphingomyelin.J. Immunol.112197421352147","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"941","article-title":"Stimulating effect of C-reactive protein on phagocytosis of various species of pathogenic bacteria","volume":"8","author":"Kindmark C.-O.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Kindmark C.-O. Stimulating effect of C-reactive protein on phagocytosis of various species of pathogenic bacteria.Clin. Exp. Immunol.81971941948","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.4.1648"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.154.5.1703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"319","article-title":"The role of the spleen in the protective effect of C-reactive protein in Streptococcus pneumoniae infection","volume":"54","author":"Nakayama S.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Nakayama S. Gewurz H. Holzer T. Du Clos T. W. Mold C. The role of the spleen in the protective effect of C-reactive protein in Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.Clin. Exp. Immunol.541983319326","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.8.3744-3751.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4439(94)90109-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","first-page":"184","article-title":"Immune responses in BALB\/c mice following immunization with aromatic compound or purine-dependent Salmonella typhimurium strains","volume":"69","author":"O'Callaghan D.","year":"1990","unstructured":"O'Callaghan D. Maskell D. Tite J. Dougan G. Immune responses in BALB\/c mice following immunization with aromatic compound or purine-dependent Salmonella typhimurium strains.Immunology691990184189","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.2.503-509.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/297510a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Locating the salmonella resistance gene on mouse chromosome 1","volume":"37","author":"Plant J.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Plant J. Glynn A. A. Locating the salmonella resistance gene on mouse chromosome 1.Clin. Exp. Immunol.37197916","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04259.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1991.tb00635.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/126.4.378"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00135a023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.6.2451-2453.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.5.2557","article-title":"Human C-reactive protein is protective against fatal Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in transgenic mice","volume":"155","author":"Szalai A. J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Szalai A. J. Briles D. E. Volanakis J. E. Human C-reactive protein is protective against fatal Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in transgenic mice.J. Immunol.155199525572563","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.11.4850-4853.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5294","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.11.5294","article-title":"Testosterone and IL-6 requirements for human C-reactive protein gene expression in transgenic mice","volume":"160","author":"Szalai A. J.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Szalai A. J. van Ginkel F. W. Dalrymple S. A. Murray R. McGhee J. R. Volanakis J. E. Testosterone and IL-6 requirements for human C-reactive protein gene expression in transgenic mice.J. Immunol.160199852945299","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.3.655"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-136-35323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)39817-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2660283"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.128.5.2374","article-title":"Human C-reactive protein is protective against fatal Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mice","volume":"128","author":"Yother J.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Yother J. Volanakis J. E. Briles D. E. Human C-reactive protein is protective against fatal Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mice.J. Immunol.128198223742376","journal-title":"J. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.68.10.5652-5656.2000","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.68.10.5652-5656.2000","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]],"date-time":"2023-04-23T15:00:37Z","timestamp":1682262037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.68.10.5652-5656.2000"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"R. N.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.68.10.5652-5656.2000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.68.10.5652-5656.2000","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2000-03-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-07-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-10-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}