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We investigated the regulation of chemokine induction in macrophage cell line J774A.1 in response to<jats:italic>O. tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic>infection. The mRNAs for macrophage inflammatory proteins 1\u03b1\/\u03b2 (MIP-1\u03b1\/\u03b2), MIP-2, and macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 were induced within 30 min, and their levels showed a transitory peak for 3 to 12 h. However, the lymphotactin, eotaxin, gamma interferon-inducible protein 10, and T-cell activation gene 3 mRNAs were not detected by RNase protection assays. Heat-killed<jats:italic>O. tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic>induced a similar extent of chemokine responses. Induction of the chemokine genes was not blocked by the eukaryotic protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, suggesting that de novo synthesis of host cell protein is not required for these transcriptional responses. The induction of chemokine mRNAs by<jats:italic>O. tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic>was blocked by the inhibitors of NF-\u03baB activation. Furthermore,<jats:italic>O. tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic>induced the nuclear translocation and activation of NF-\u03baB. These results demonstrate that heat-stable molecules of<jats:italic>O. tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic>induce a subset of chemokine genes and that induction involves activation of the transcription factor NF-\u03baB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.68.2.594-602.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:01:19Z","timestamp":1027764079000},"page":"594-602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Expression of Chemokine Genes in Murine Macrophages Infected with<i>Orientia tsutsugamushi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Nam-Hyuk","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Yong","family":"Seong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung-Suk","family":"Huh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Hee","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746,2 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Sang","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Department of Microbiology, Cheju National University College of Medicine, Cheju 690-756,3 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung-Sik","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ik-Sang","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"603","article-title":"A comparative study of the pathology of scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease) and other rickettsial disease","volume":"21","author":"Allen A. 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