{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:14:15Z","timestamp":1791400455742,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]],"date-time":"2000-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":949363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Arthritis is a frequent and major complication of infection with<jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>sensu stricto. The antigens responsible for the induction of arthritis are unknown. Here we provide direct evidence that a major surface protein, outer surface protein A (OspA), can induce arthritis. Hamsters were vaccinated with 30, 60, or 120 \u03bcg of recombinant OspA (rOspA) in aluminum hydroxide and challenged with<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>sensu stricto isolate 297 or C-1-11. Swelling of the hind paws was detected in 100, 100, and 50% of hamsters vaccinated with 30, 60, or 120 \u03bcg of rOspA, respectively. In addition, arthritis developed in 57% of hamsters vaccinated with a canine rOspA vaccine after infection with<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>sensu stricto. When the canine rOspA vaccine was combined with aluminum hydroxide, all vaccinated hamsters developed arthritis after challenge with<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>sensu stricto. Histopathologic examination confirmed the development of severe destructive arthritis in rOspA-vaccinated hamsters challenged with<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>sensu stricto. These findings suggest that rOspA vaccines should be modified to eliminate epitopes of OspA responsible for the induction of arthritis. Our results are important because an rOspA vaccine in aluminum hydroxide was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.68.2.658-663.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:01:19Z","timestamp":1027764079000},"page":"658-663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Occurrence of Severe Destructive Lyme Arthritis in Hamsters Vaccinated with Outer Surface Protein A and Challenged with<i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Cindy L.","family":"Croke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik L.","family":"Munson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Lovrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Microbiology Research Laboratory3 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Christopherson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica C.","family":"Remington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas M.","family":"England","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 4-->Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,4 University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 5-->Department of Pathology, Meriter Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 537155; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Callister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Microbiology Research Laboratory3 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 6-->Section of Infectious Diseases,6Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54601"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald F.","family":"Schell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,2"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 7-->Bacteriology,7 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.1.173-181.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.3.651"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.11.4929-4937.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.1.133"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1988.tb31860.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.2.363-365.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"1132","article-title":"Lyme disease\u2014United States, 1996","volume":"45","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1997","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Lyme disease\u2014United States, 1996.Morbid. 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