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To further extend the anti-inflammatory effect of activated PC (APC) in vivo, particularly its biological relevance to human disease, the activity of APC in the mucosa of patients with<jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>-associated gastritis and the effect of vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA), cytotoxin-associated antigen (CagA), and<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on PC activation were evaluated. This study comprised 35 patients with chronic gastritis. There were 20 patients with and 15 without<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>infection. The levels of PC and APC-PC inhibitor (PCI) complex were measured by immunoassays. The level of PC was significantly decreased and the level of APC-PCI complex was significantly increased in biopsy specimens from gastric corpus and antrum in patients with<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-associated gastritis as compared to<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-negative subjects. The concentrations of VacA, CagA, and LPS were significantly correlated with those of the APC-PCI complex in biopsy mucosal specimens from the gastric corpus and antrum.<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>LPS, VacA, and CagA induced a dose-dependent activation of PC on the surface of monocytic cells. APC inhibited the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) induced by<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>LPS. Overall, these results suggest that<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>infection is associated with increased APC generation in the gastric mucosa. The inhibitory activity of APC on TNF-\u03b1 secretion may serve to protect<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-induced gastric mucosal damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.68.5.2863-2869.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:58:18Z","timestamp":1027763898000},"page":"2863-2869","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Role of Activated Protein C in<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>-Associated Gastritis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Satoko","family":"Oka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->The Third Department of Internal Medicine1 and the"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esteban Cesar","family":"Gabazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->The Third Department of Internal Medicine1 and the"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Molecular Pathobiology,2 Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Taguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->The Third Department of Internal Medicine1 and the"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michihiko","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->The Third Department of Internal Medicine1 and the"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigehito","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->The Third Department of Internal Medicine1 and the"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Molecular Pathobiology,2 Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukihiko","family":"Adachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->The Third Department of Internal Medicine1 and the"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Imoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->The Third Department of Internal Medicine1 and the"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"Aspinal G. 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