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Reverse transcription-PCR and Northern blot analysis showed that both the\n            <jats:italic>recA<\/jats:italic>\n            gene and this open reading frame are part of the same transcriptional unit. This cloned fragment was insertionally inactivated using the\n            <jats:italic>ermF-ermAM<\/jats:italic>\n            antibiotic resistance cassette to create a defective mutant by allelic exchange. When plated on\n            <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n            blood agar, the mutant strain, designated\n            <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n            FLL92, was non-black pigmented and showed significant reduction in beta-hemolysis compared with the parent strain,\n            <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n            W83. Arginine- and lysine-specific cysteine protease activities, which were mostly soluble, were approximately 90% lower than that of the parent strain. Expression of the\n            <jats:italic>rgpA<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>rgpB<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>kgp<\/jats:italic>\n            protease genes was the same in\n            <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n            FLL92 as in the wild-type strain. In contrast to the parent strain,\n            <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n            FLL92 showed increased autoaggregration in addition to a significant reduction in hemagglutinating and hemolysin activities. In in vivo experiments using a mouse model,\n            <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n            FLL92 was dramatically less virulent than the parent strain. A molecular survey of this mutant and the parent strain using all known\n            <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n            insertion sequence elements as probes suggested that no intragenomic changes due to the movement of these elements have occurred in\n            <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n            FLL92. Taken together, these results suggest that the\n            <jats:italic>recA<\/jats:italic>\n            downstream gene, designated\n            <jats:italic>vimA<\/jats:italic>\n            (virulence-modulating gene), plays an important role in virulence modulation in\n            <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n            W83, possibly representing a novel posttranscriptional or translational regulation of virulence factors in\n            <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.69.1.325-335.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:58:18Z","timestamp":1027763898000},"page":"325-335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["<i>vimA<\/i>\n            Gene Downstream of\n            <i>recA<\/i>\n            Is Involved in Virulence Modulation in\n            <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/i>\n            W83"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Hafid","family":"Abaibou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92350"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92350"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. Jon","family":"Olango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92350"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92350"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92350"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hansel M.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92350"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-302x.2000.150107.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021937"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.12.4744-4754.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.4.1594-1600.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.10.2734-2741.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/7.6.1513"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1997.tb01382.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.9.5247-5253.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.9.4926-4930.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.6.1932-1940.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-144-9-2487"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1999.tb02282.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/12.1Part1.387"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.11.4592-4597.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.4.1521-1528.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1992.63.4s.338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(83)80047-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.1998.tb00275.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.10.4000-4007.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.4.2924"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.44.29072"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.1993.1055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1997.tb08329.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(89)90132-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.8958"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1998.tb00706.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.62.4.1244-1263.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"New insights into mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis in periodontitis","volume":"3","author":"Lantz M. 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