{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:17:20Z","timestamp":1791328640326,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]],"date-time":"2001-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":978307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            is an important human pathogen which is implicated in a wide variety of diseases. Major determinants of the virulence of this organism include extracellular virulence factors. Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are important causative agents in staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome and food poisoning. Our study identified a novel enterotoxin, SEK, and examined its biochemical and biological properties. SEK had a molecular weight of 26,000 and an experimentally determined pI of between 7.0 and 7.5. SEK was secreted by clinical isolates of\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            . We demonstrated that SEK had many of the biological activities associated with the SEs, including superantigenicity, pyrogenicity, the ability to enhance the lethal effect of endotoxin, and lethality in a rabbit model when administered by subcutaneous miniosmotic pump. Recombinant SEK was shown to stimulate human CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            and CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells in a V\u03b2-specific manner; T-cells bearing V\u03b2 5.1, 5.2, and 6.7 were significantly stimulated to proliferate.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.69.1.360-366.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:01:19Z","timestamp":1027764079000},"page":"360-366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":162,"title":["Biochemical and Biological Properties of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin K"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Orwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 554551;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald Y. M.","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado 802062; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather L.","family":"Donahue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado 802062; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard P.","family":"Novick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York 100163"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick M.","family":"Schlievert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 554551;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/367094a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Barg\nN. L.\nHarris\nT.\nToxin-mediated syndromes\nThe staphylococci in human disease.\nCrossley\nK. B.\nArcher\nG. L.\n1997\n527\n544\nChurchill Livingstone\nNew York N.Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)92186-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(84)90320-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408419009105728"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.57.1.23-28.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-199310000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.3.981"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198012183032501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1996.1381506.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.1.16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.57.1.291-294.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/384188a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1995.tb02239.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00481.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"Jardetzky\nT. S.\nStructural studies of the interaction of superantigens with class II major histocompatibility complex molecules\nBacterial superantigens: structure function and therapeutic potential. R. G.\nThibodeau\nJ.\nSekaly\nR.-P.\n1995\n67\n82\nLandes Co.\nAustin Tex"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/368711a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2524876"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7997880"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","unstructured":"Kornblum\nJ.\nKreiswirth\nB. N.\nProjan\nS. J.\nRoss\nH.\nNovick\nR. P. Agr : a polycistronic locus regulating exoprotein synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus Molecular biology of the staphylococci.\nNovick\nR. P.\n1990\n373\n402\nVCH Publishers Inc.\nNew York N.Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.6.823"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.2.747"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92752-F"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118263"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12468941"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00477.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80646-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00947.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2185544"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90339-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","unstructured":"Miethke\nT.\nWahl\nC.\nHeeg\nK.\nWagner\nH.\nThe pathophysiology of bacterial superantigens in vivo\nBacterial superantigens: structure function and therapeutic potential. R. G.\nThibodeau\nJ.\nSekaly\nR.-P.\n1995\n161\n179\nLandes Co.\nAustin Tex"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.7.3337-3348.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","first-page":"229","article-title":"Staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigens: their role in human diseases","volume":"61","author":"Murray D. L.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Murray D. L. Ohlendorf D. H. Schlievert P. M. Staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigens: their role in human diseases.ASM News611995229235","journal-title":"ASM News"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.1.225"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00457.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","unstructured":"Novick\nR. P.\nThe staphylococcus as a molecular genetic system\nMolecular biology of the staphylococci.\nNovick\nR. P.\n1990\n1\n40\nVCH\nNew York N.Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","first-page":"30","article-title":"Diffusion-in-gel methods for immunological analysis","volume":"6","author":"Ouchterlony O.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Ouchterlony O. Diffusion-in-gel methods for immunological analysis.Prog. Allergy6196230","journal-title":"Prog. Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.1.9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.55.5.1070-1076.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00213a001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.1996.0023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.4.2207"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsb0897-635"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07336.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.36.1.123-128.1982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91859-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01540887"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.6.3630-3634.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/143.4.509"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.21.3.753-763.1978"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00502.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/115.4.330"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","unstructured":"Svensson\nL. A.\nSchad\nE. M.\nSundstrom\nM.\nAntonsson\nP.\nKalland\nT.\nDohlsten\nM.\nStaphylococcal enterotoxins A D and E\nSuperantigens: molecular biology immunology and relevance to human disease.\nLeung\nD. Y. M.\nHuber\nB. T.\nSchlievert\nP. M.\n1997\n199\n230\nMarcel Dekker Inc.\nNew York N.Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)92274-2"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.69.1.360-366.2001","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.69.1.360-366.2001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T02:04:23Z","timestamp":1646445863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.69.1.360-366.2001"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"J. D.","family":"Clements","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.69.1.360-366.2001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.69.1.360-366.2001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2000-07-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-10-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2001-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}