{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T18:30:40Z","timestamp":1793817040912,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]],"date-time":"2001-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":980985600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>DNA vaccines whose DNA encodes a variety of antigens from<jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>have been evaluated for immunogenicity and protective efficacy. CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T-cell responses and protection achieved in other infectious disease models have been optimized by using a DNA immunization to prime the immune system and a recombinant virus encoding the same antigen(s) to boost the response. A DNA vaccine (D) and recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (M) in which the DNA encodes early secreted antigenic target 6 and mycobacterial protein tuberculosis 63 synthesized, and each was found to generate specific gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3)-secreting CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells. Enhanced CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>IFN-\u03b3 T-cell responses were produced by both D-M and M-D immunization regimens. Significantly higher levels of IFN-\u03b3 were seen with a D-D-D-M immunization regimen. The most immunogenic regimens were assessed in a challenge study and found to produce protection equivalent to that produced by<jats:italic>Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:italic>BCG. Thus, heterologous prime-boost regimens boost CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>as well as CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T-cell responses, and the use of heterologous constructs encoding the same antigen(s) may improve the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of DNA vaccines against tuberculosis and other diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.69.2.681-686.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:01:19Z","timestamp":1027764079000},"page":"681-686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":184,"title":["Enhanced Immunogenicity of CD4<sup>+<\/sup>T-Cell Responses and Protective Efficacy of a DNA-Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Prime-Boost Vaccination Regimen for Murine Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Helen","family":"McShane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU,1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN,2 United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Brookes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah C.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN,2 United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian V. 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