{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T11:27:47Z","timestamp":1792495667917,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]],"date-time":"2001-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":983404800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic>\n                    , an intracellular protozoan parasite, challenges host defense mechanisms by impairing the signal transduction of macrophages. In this study we investigated whether interleukin-10 (IL-10)-mediated alteration of signaling events in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis is associated with macrophage deactivation. Primary in vitro cultures of macrophages infected with leishmanial parasites markedly elevated the endogenous release of IL-10. Treatment with either\n                    <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\n                    or recombinant IL-10 (rIL-10) inhibited both the activity and expression of the Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -dependent protein kinase C (PKC) isoform. However, preincubation with neutralizing anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibody (MAb) restored the PKC activity in the parasitized macrophage. Furthermore, we observed that coincubation of macrophages with rIL-10 and\n                    <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\n                    increased the intracellular parasite burden, which was abrogated by anti-IL-10 MAb. Consistent with these observations, generation of superoxide (O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and nitric oxide and the release of murine tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 were attenuated in response to\n                    <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\n                    or rIL-10 treatment. On the other hand, preincubation of the infected macrophages with neutralizing anti-IL-10 MAb significantly blocked the inhibition of nitric oxide and murine tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 release by the infected macrophages. These findings imply that infection with\n                    <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\n                    induces endogenous secretion of murine IL-10, which in turn facilitates the intracellular survival of the protozoan and orchestrates several immunomodulatory roles via selective impairment of PKC-mediated signal transduction.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.69.3.1499-1507.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:03:59Z","timestamp":1027749839000},"page":"1499-1507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Immunomodulatory Role of Interleukin-10 in Visceral Leishmaniasis: Defective Activation of Protein Kinase C-Mediated Signal Transduction Events"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Sandip","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Calcutta 700 054, India,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjukta","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Calcutta 700 054, India,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patti L.","family":"Jhonson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee 381632"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syamal K.","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee 381632"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subrata","family":"Majumdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Calcutta 700 054, India,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.4.1604","article-title":"IL-12 production by central nervous system microglia is inhibited by astrocytes","volume":"159","author":"Aloisi F.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Aloisi F. 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