{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T10:48:49Z","timestamp":1789728529231,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cell-mediated immunity during the muscular phase of<jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic>infection in humans was studied. Cell proliferation, the phenotypic changes in the T-cell population, and expression and production of cytokines were examined by using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected at different times postinfection from 10 individuals who had acquired<jats:italic>Trichinella spiralis<\/jats:italic>and five individuals who had acquired<jats:italic>Trichinella britovi<\/jats:italic>in two distinct outbreaks.<jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>T. britovi<\/jats:italic>crude worm extracts induced proliferation of PBMC from<jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>- and<jats:italic>T. britovi<\/jats:italic>-infected donors. Cytokine gene expression showed a predominant type 2 pattern for the entire period of infection studied, although gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3) was expressed. Interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-5, IL-10, and IFN-\u03b3 production was found in PBMC of all donors. There was a good correspondence between the cytokine expression and production patterns. Changes in PBMC composition, with a trend toward an increase in CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>lymphocyte counts, were observed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.70.1.233-239.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:03:40Z","timestamp":1027764220000},"page":"233-239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Increased CD8<sup>+<\/sup>-T-Cell Expression and a Type 2 Cytokine Pattern during the Muscular Phase of<i>Trichinella<\/i>Infection in Humans"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Maria Angeles","family":"Gomez Morales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Mele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita\u0300, Rome"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Sacchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unita\u0300 Operativa Malattie Infettive, Azienda Unita\u0300 Sanitaria Locale, Piacenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzia","family":"De Giacomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Pozio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-22-3-195"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"4105","volume":"61","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ausiello, C. M., F. Urbani, S. Gessani, G. Spagnoli, M. J. Gomez, and A. Cassone. 1996. Cytokine gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by mannoprotein constituents from Candida albicans. Infect. Immun.61:4105\u20134111.","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60424-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000024206"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(98)01287-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"231","volume":"83","year":"1975","unstructured":"Engvall, E., and I. Ljungstrom. 1975. Detection of human antibodies to Trichinella spiralis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (E.L.I.S.A.). Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand.83:231\u2013237.","journal-title":"Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000116271"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(83)90051-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1994.tb00329.x","volume":"16","year":"1994","unstructured":"Goyal, P. K., J. Hermanek, and D. Wakelin. 1994. Lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production in mice infected with different geographical isolates of Trichinella spiralis. Parasitol. Immunol.16:105\u2013110.","journal-title":"Parasitol. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"329","volume":"74","year":"1991","unstructured":"Grencis, R. K., L. Hultner, and K. J. Else. 1991. Host protective immunity to Trichinella spiralis in mice: activation of Th cell subsets and lymphokine secretion in mice expressing different response phenotypes. Immunology74:329\u2013332.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1998.00412.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"414","volume":"114","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kalinkovich, A., Z. Weisman, Z. Greenberg, J. Nahmias, S. Eitan, M. Stein, and Z. Bentwich. 1998. Decreased CD4 and increased CD8 counts with T cell activation is associated with chronic helminth infection. Clin. Exp. Immunol.114:414\u2013421.","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.07.040189.001045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00132-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"50","volume":"342","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pollack, S., B. Fuad, and A. Etzioni. 1993. CD4 T-lymphocytopenia without opportunistic infections in HIV-seronegative Ethiopian immigrants to Israel. Lancet342:50\u201351.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/200108s2106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.03.08.00119-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/318707"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.48.568"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90051-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"385","volume":"10","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sher, A., and R. L. Coffman. 1993. Regulation of immunity to parasites by T cells and T-cell derived cytokines. Annu. Rev. Immunol.10:385\u2013409.","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.70.1.233-239.2002","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.70.1.233-239.2002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]],"date-time":"2024-01-06T00:14:08Z","timestamp":1704500048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.70.1.233-239.2002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.70.1.233-239.2002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.70.1.233-239.2002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2001-04-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2001-10-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}