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The apoptosis is not affected by a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, and caspase-3 is not activated in infected cells, suggesting that apoptosis mediated by these two strains of<jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>is independent of known caspases. Overexpression of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member, Bax, was previously shown to induce caspase-independent apoptosis, and we find that Bax is activated and translocates from the cytosol to the mitochondria in<jats:italic>C. psittaci<\/jats:italic>-infected cells.<jats:italic>C. psittaci<\/jats:italic>-induced apoptosis is inhibited in host cells overexpressing Bax inhibitor-1 and is inhibited through overexpression of Bcl-2, which blocks both caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis. As Bax and mitochondria are ideally located to sense stress-related metabolic changes emanating from the interior of an infected cell, it is likely that Bax-dependent apoptosis may also be observed in cells infected with other intracellular pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.70.1.55-61.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:03:40Z","timestamp":1027764220000},"page":"55-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Role of Bcl-2 Family Members in Caspase-Independent Apoptosis during<i>Chlamydia<\/i>Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Jean-Luc","family":"Perfettini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Biologie Mole\u0301culaire du Ge\u0300ne, INSERM U.277, Universite\u0301 Paris 7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Burnham Institute, Program on Apoptosis and Cell Death Research, La Jolla, California 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Israe\u0308l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Biologie des Re\u0301trovirus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Claude","family":"Martinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Serono Pharmaceutical Research Institute, CH-1228 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Dautry-Varsat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Biologie des Interactions Cellulaires, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Ojcius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Biologie Mole\u0301culaire du Ge\u0300ne, INSERM U.277, Universite\u0301 Paris 7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5381.1322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.12.9698-9705.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400354"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1994.tb00882.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.1.3.259-262.1970"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-146-11-2723"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-2452(96)85299-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.8.3759"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0404.980407"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.19.3.827-832.1978"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(99)80068-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.9.5299-5305.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.4.2442-2447.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3375","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.7.3375","volume":"161","year":"1998","unstructured":"Deas, O., C. 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