{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T13:36:26Z","timestamp":1774100186095,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]],"date-time":"2002-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1038700800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between antimonial therapy and circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Patients were treated with conventional chemotherapy by using pentavalent antimonium salts (Glucantime) for 3 weeks. Circulating plasma levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) were determined for CL patients and healthy subjects before and 3 weeks after the treatment was started. Plasma IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-\u03b1 levels were significantly higher for pretreatment CL patients than for healthy subjects. Proinflammatory cytokines significantly increased after 21 days postinfection compared to levels for the pretreatment patients. These increments were approximately 3-fold for IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 levels, 10-fold for IL-6 levels, and 20-fold for IL-8 levels in patients with CL. Taken together these results indicate that circulating proinflammatory cytokine levels were increased in patients with CL as a consequence of host defense strategies, and antimonial therapy may induce these cytokines by affecting the macrophage or other components of the host defense system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.70.12.6589-6591.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,18]],"date-time":"2002-11-18T23:04:20Z","timestamp":1037660660000},"page":"6589-6591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Antimonial Therapy Induces Circulating Proinflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Abdurrahim","family":"Kocyigit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selahaddin","family":"Gur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet S.","family":"Gurel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vedat","family":"Bulut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of Firat Medical School, Elazig 23100, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Ulukanligil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Harran Medical School, Sanliurfa 63200"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(00)00158-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2000.tb00088.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830240328"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.141.3.890","volume":"141","year":"1988","unstructured":"Belosevic, M., C. 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