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Macaque models of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV<jats:sub>mac<\/jats:sub>)-<jats:italic>Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:italic>BCG coinfection were employed to explore the pathogenesis of AIDS virus-related tuberculosis. Following BCG coinfection, SIV (SIV)-infected macaques with high viral loads developed an SIV-related tuberculosis-like disease. This disease was characterized clinically by a syndrome of diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss, and altered levels of consciousness and pathologically by the presence of disseminated granulomas. In contrast, SIV<jats:sub>mac<\/jats:sub>-infected macaques with low viral loads either showed no evidence of BCG-induced disease or developed focal granulomatous lesions. Pathogenic SIV-BCG interactions appeared to play a critical role in triggering the development of this SIV-related tuberculosis-like disease. BCG coinfection enhanced the destruction of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells in SIV<jats:sub>mac<\/jats:sub>-infected macaques whose viral loads were high. Reciprocally, exacerbations of SIV disease led to marked suppression of BCG-specific T-cell responses, persistence of the BCG infection, and development of an SIV-related tuberculosis-like disease. Furthermore, development of this SIV-related tuberculosis-like disease was also seen in nai\u0308ve macaques simultaneously inoculated with SIV<jats:sub>mac<\/jats:sub>and BCG. These results provide in vivo evidence that coinfection of AIDS virus-infected individuals with an avirulent mycobacterium can lead to development of a tuberculosis-like disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.70.2.869-877.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:55:53Z","timestamp":1027763753000},"page":"869-877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Induction of an AIDS Virus-Related Tuberculosis-Like Disease in Macaques: a Model of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus- Mycobacterium Coinfection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Yun","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dejiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Chalifoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southboro, Massachusetts 01772"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southboro, Massachusetts 01772"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuejun","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xioamin","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabhat","family":"Sehgal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southboro, Massachusetts 01772"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norman L.","family":"Letvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng W.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199106063242307"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"2386","volume":"262","year":"1989","unstructured":"Boudes, P., A. 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