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Mice infected with the gram-negative bacterium<jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>serovar Typhimurium exhibit marked genetic differences in disease manifestation, and the wild-derived strain<jats:italic>Mus musculus molossinus<\/jats:italic>MOLF\/Ei is extremely susceptible to<jats:italic>S. enterica<\/jats:italic>serovar Typhimurium. The kinetics of bacterial proliferation within the liver and the spleen and histological examination of tissue sections have suggested that MOLF\/Ei mice do not succumb to infection because of overwhelming bacterial growth in the reticuloendothelial organs or massive tissue necrosis, as observed in other<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>-susceptible strains. MOLF\/Ei mice respond normally to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo and in vitro, as determined by the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and spleen cell mitogenesis. However, they have a unique cytokine profile in response to infection compared to that observed for other<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>-susceptible mice. There was increased expression of mRNA of the interleukin-1\u03b1 (IL-1\u03b1) and IL-1\u03b2 genes as the infection in the spleens and livers of MOLF\/Ei mice progressed. Despite the fact that MOLF\/Ei mice have the ability to respond to LPS and the fact that there are significant increases in IL-1\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 mRNA,<jats:italic>Nos2<\/jats:italic>in the spleen is not upregulated and nitrite production by spleen cells is reduced. At the central level, the inflammatory response is characterized by strong upregulation of the inhibitory factor kappa B alpha and Toll-like receptor 2 genes, two genes known to be regulated by LPS and IL-1 in the brain. The high levels of IL-1 expression in the spleens and livers of MOLF\/Ei mice may have important implications for the activation of peripheral and central innate immune mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.70.4.1997-2009.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:59:40Z","timestamp":1027763980000},"page":"1997-2009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Host Immune Response to<i>Salmonella enterica<\/i>Serovar Typhimurium Infection in Mice Derived from Wild Strains"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Sebastiani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry"},{"name":"Centre for the Study of Host Resistance, McGill University Health Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ve\u0301ronique","family":"Blais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite\u0301 Laval Research Center and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Laval University, Que\u0301bec, Canada G1V 4G2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Sancho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genetics"},{"name":"Centre for the Study of Host Resistance, McGill University Health Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie N.","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uniformed Services University of Health Science, Bethesda, Maryland 20814"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary M.","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, McGill University, Montre\u0301al, Canada H3G 1A4"},{"name":"Centre for the Study of Host Resistance, McGill University Health Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Gros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry"},{"name":"Centre for the Study of Host Resistance, McGill University Health Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Martin","family":"Lapointe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Ve\u0301te\u0301rinaire, Universite\u0301 de Montre\u0301al, Montreal, Canada J2S 7C6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Rivest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite\u0301 Laval Research Center and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Laval University, Que\u0301bec, Canada G1V 4G2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Malo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genetics"},{"name":"Medicine, McGill University, Montre\u0301al, Canada H3G 1A4"},{"name":"Centre for the Study of Host Resistance, McGill University Health Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35021228"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.139.5.1189"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.16.10689"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.1.3.243-250.1970"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.5.2.191-198.1972"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.2.630-635.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.3.1043-1047.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"430","volume":"410","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ek, M., D. 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