{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T22:57:47Z","timestamp":1790463467716,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), a virulence factor of\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            , is exceptionally diverse, being classified into two major families which are over 50% divergent by sequence analysis. A family 1 PspA from strain WU2 was previously shown to impede the clearance of pneumococci from mouse blood and to interfere with complement deposition on the bacterial surface. To determine whether a family 2 PspA can perform the same role as family 1 PspA, the family 1 PspA (from strain WU2) was replaced with a family 2 PspA (from strain TIGR4) by molecular genetic methods to make an isogenic pair of strains expressing different PspA proteins. Surface binding of lactoferrin and interference with C3 deposition by the two types of PspA proteins were determined by flow cytometry, and virulence was assessed in a mouse bacteremia model. Although the family 2 PspA appeared to bind less human lactoferrin than did the family 1 PspA, both PspA proteins could interfere with complement deposition on the pneumococcal surface and could provide full virulence in the mouse infection model. A mutant form of the family 2 PspA with a deletion within the choline-binding region was also produced. Pneumococci with this mutant PspA failed to bind human lactoferrin even though the PspA was present on the pneumococcal surface. The mutant PspA only partially interfered with complement deposition and moderately attenuated virulence. These results suggest that family 1 and family 2 PspA proteins play similar roles in virulence and that surface accessibility of PspA is important for their function.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.71.1.75-85.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,20]],"date-time":"2002-12-20T23:07:23Z","timestamp":1040425643000},"page":"75-85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Both Family 1 and Family 2 PspA Proteins Can Inhibit Complement Deposition and Confer Virulence to a Capsular Serotype 3 Strain of\n            <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Bing","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Szalai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orlanda","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan K.","family":"Hollingshead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Briles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Abeyta M. 1999. Ph.D. thesis. University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.327545"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.1997.3.401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/10.Supplement_2.S372"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.12.6533-6542.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi992157d"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.58.10.3293-3299.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.3284"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.10.5690-5695.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.5.3372-3381.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.4.1683-1687.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/318697"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.10.5889-5900.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M103304200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"449","volume":"54","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kievits, F., and A. Kijlstra. 1985. Inhibition of C3 deposition on solid-phase bound immune complexes by lactoferrin. Immunology54:449-456.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"263","volume":"47","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kijlstra, A., and S. H. Jeurissen. 1982. Modulation of classical C3 convertase of complement by tear lactoferrin. Immunology47:263-270.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1995.tb00022.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.10.4748-4754.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.1994.1078"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.1.222-228.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.165.2.381"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/14.4.801"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.9.4517-4524.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"201","year":"2000","unstructured":"Paton, J. C., and J. K. Morona. 2000. Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide, p. 201-213. In V. A. Fishchetti, R. P. Novick, J. J. Ferretti, D. A. Portnoy, and J. I. Rood (ed.), Gram-positive pathogens. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.","journal-title":"Gram-positive pathogens"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","first-page":"648","volume":"79","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rainard, P. 1993. Activation of the classical pathway of complement by binding of bovine lactoferrin to unencapsulated Streptococcus agalactiae. Immunology79:648-652.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315722"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1061217"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.9.4720-4724.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0705.017510"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1999.tb01499.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655499750006245"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","first-page":"232","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yother, J. 2000. Genetics of Streptococcus pneumoniae, p. 232-243. In V. A. Fishchetti, R. P. Novick, J. J. Ferretti, D. A. Portnoy, and J. I. Rood (ed.), Gram-positive pathogens. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.","journal-title":"Gram-positive pathogens"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.174.2.601-609.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.174.2.610-618.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.10.2976-2985.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.2.845-852.2001"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.71.1.75-85.2003","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.71.1.75-85.2003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T03:35:37Z","timestamp":1646451337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.71.1.75-85.2003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.71.1.75-85.2003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.71.1.75-85.2003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2002-07-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-09-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2003-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}