{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:46:54Z","timestamp":1791308814045,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,1]],"date-time":"2003-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1044057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), caused by<jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>, is the most frequent opportunistic fungal infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive persons. Although Th1-type CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells are considered important for host defense against mucosal<jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>infections, there is a paucity of information regarding the presence and\/or role of T cells in OPC lesions. In pursuit of this, initial chromophore immunohistochemical studies showed a majority of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>rather than CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells equally distributed throughout the buccal mucosa of OPC<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>persons (HIV<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>or HIV<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>), irrespective of blood CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cell numbers. In contrast, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells in lesions from HIV<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>OPC<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>persons were in significantly higher numbers and concentrated at the lamina propria-epithelium interface, a considerable distance from the<jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>at the outer epithelium. Dual fluorescence and confocal microscopy confirmed that the majority of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, but not CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, cells were T cells by the presence or absence, respectively, of CD3 on each cell type. These results suggest that CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells may be important for oral host defense against OPC, especially when CD4 cell numbers are reduced, with a potential CD8 cell-specific dysfunction associated with susceptibility to OPC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.71.2.956-963.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,22]],"date-time":"2003-01-22T23:03:20Z","timestamp":1043276600000},"page":"956-963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Immunohistochemical Evaluation of T Cells in Oral Lesions from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Persons with Oropharyngeal Candidiasis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Tammy A.","family":"Myers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and School of Dentistry, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet E.","family":"Leigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Dentistry"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and School of Dentistry, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo R.","family":"Arribas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Dentistry"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and School of Dentistry, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Hager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease\/HIV Section, Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease\/HIV Section, Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Lilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and School of Dentistry, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Paul L.","family":"Fidel,","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and School of Dentistry, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5273","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.10.5273","volume":"154","year":"1995","unstructured":"Beno, D. 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