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We now examined the role of the inducible costimulatory molecule (ICOS) and its ligand B7-related protein 1 (B7RP-1) in the experimental murine schistosome infection by blocking this costimulatory pathway with monoclonal antibody against ICOS, administered daily by intraperitoneal injection during the patent phase of the disease. The treated mice exhibited enhanced hepatic immunopathology characterized by enlarged egg granulomas and pronounced parenchymal inflammation with hepatocellular necrosis, resulting in elevated liver enzyme levels in serum. Most strikingly, there was a sharp increase in gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3) production by schistosome egg antigen-stimulated granuloma cells, bulk mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells, and purified MLN CD4 T cells, which contrasted with a more discreet change in the Th2-type cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-10. These findings suggest that the ICOS-B7RP-1 costimulatory pathway serves primarily to control IFN-\u03b3 production, thereby promoting a cytokine environment conducive to limited hepatic damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.71.7.4040-4044.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,21]],"date-time":"2003-06-21T16:09:13Z","timestamp":1056211753000},"page":"4040-4044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Disruption of the ICOS-B7RP-1 Costimulatory Pathway Leads to Enhanced Hepatic Immunopathology and Increased Gamma Interferon Production by CD4 T Cells in Murine Schistosomiasis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Laura I.","family":"Rutitzky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Engin","family":"O\u0308zkaynak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Rottman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel J.","family":"Stadecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aicher A. 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