{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:43:32Z","timestamp":1790700212247,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]],"date-time":"2004-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Fonsecaea pedrosoi<\/jats:italic>is a fungal pathogen that produces melanin. The functions of melanin and its possible influence in the protective immunological response during infection by<jats:italic>F. pedrosoi<\/jats:italic>are not known. In this work, treatment of<jats:italic>F. pedrosoi<\/jats:italic>mycelia with proteases and glycosidases followed by a denaturing agent and hot concentrated acid left a black residue. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that this processed melanized residue resembled very closely the intact mycelium in shape and size. Melanin particles were also isolated from culture fluids of conidia or sclerotic forms of<jats:italic>F. pedrosoi<\/jats:italic>. Secreted melanins were reactive with sera from infected human patients, suggesting that<jats:italic>F. pedrosoi<\/jats:italic>synthesizes melanin in vivo. The antibodies against melanin were purified from patients\u2019 sera and analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence. They reacted with sclerotic cells from patients\u2019 lesions as well as with sclerotic bodies cultivated in vitro, conidia, mycelia, and digested residues. Treatment of<jats:italic>F. pedrosoi<\/jats:italic>with purified antibodies against melanin inhibited fungal growth in vitro. The interaction of<jats:italic>F. pedrosoi<\/jats:italic>with phagocytes in the presence of melanin resulted in higher levels of fungal internalization and destruction by host cells, which was accompanied by greater degrees of oxidative burst. Taken together, these results indicate that melanin from<jats:italic>F. pedrosoi<\/jats:italic>is an immunologically active fungal structure that activates humoral and cellular responses that could help the control of chromoblastomycosis by host defenses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.72.1.229-237.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,20]],"date-time":"2003-12-20T02:48:22Z","timestamp":1071888502000},"page":"229-237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Melanin from<i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi<\/i>Induces Production of Human Antifungal Antibodies and Enhances the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Phagocytes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Daniela S.","family":"Alviano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Go\u0301es"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anderson J.","family":"Franzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biofi\u0301sica Carlos Chagas Filho"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz R.","family":"Travassos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disciplina de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Sa\u0303o Paulo, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Holandino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farma\u0301cia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Rozental","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biofi\u0301sica Carlos Chagas Filho"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Ejzemberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Go\u0301es"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celuta S.","family":"Alviano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Go\u0301es"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcio L.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Go\u0301es"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-137-4-837"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00492225"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1065-6995(02)00297-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"59","volume":"58","year":"1987","unstructured":"Butterfield, W., and S. 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