{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T02:05:34Z","timestamp":1773021934748,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]],"date-time":"2004-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Asplenic individuals are known to be at increased risk of infection with encapsulated bacteria. Recent United Kingdom recommendations stated that this at-risk group should receive one dose of the meningococcal serogroup C conjugate (MCC) vaccine. However, the immune response of asplenic individuals to MCC vaccine is unknown. The immune response of asplenics (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 130) to immunization with the MCC vaccine was investigated. Asplenic individuals had a significantly lower geometric mean titer (GMT) (157.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 94.5 to 263.3) of bactericidal antibody in serum (SBA) than an age-matched control group (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 48) (1448.2; 95% CI, 751.1 to 2792.0). However, 80% of asplenic individuals achieved the proposed protective SBA titer of \u22658. No differences were observed between the two groups in the serogroup C-specific immunoglobulin G geometric mean concentration. A significant reduction in SBA GMT or the number of responders achieving an SBA titer of \u22658 was observed if the reason for splenectomy was a medical cause or if MCC vaccination occurred &lt;10 years after splenectomy. Individuals (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 29) who did not achieve an SBA titer of \u226516 were offered a second dose of MCC vaccine. Analysis of the SBA response revealed that 61% (14 of 23) of the individuals who received a second dose achieved a protective titer. In total, 93% of asplenic individuals achieved a titer of \u22658 following MCC vaccination (one or two doses combined). We recommend that, following vaccination of asplenics, either the level of functional antibody should be determined, with a second dose of MCC vaccine offered to nonresponders, or two doses of MCC vaccine should be routinely offered.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.72.1.332-337.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,20]],"date-time":"2003-12-20T02:48:22Z","timestamp":1071888502000},"page":"332-337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Immune Response to Meningococcal Serogroup C Conjugate Vaccine in Asplenic Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Balmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Laboratory, Health Protection Agency North West, Manchester Medical Microbiology Partnership, Manchester M13 9WZ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Falconer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cheshire and Merseyside Health Protection Team, Chester Microbiology Laboratory, Chester CH2 1UL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cheshire and Merseyside Health Protection Team, Chester Microbiology Laboratory, Chester CH2 1UL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunisation Division, Health Protection Agency, CDSC, London NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Fuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Laboratory, Health Protection Agency North West, Manchester Medical Microbiology Partnership, Manchester M13 9WZ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Laboratory, Health Protection Agency North West, Manchester Medical Microbiology Partnership, Manchester M13 9WZ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Kaczmarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Laboratory, Health Protection Agency North West, Manchester Medical Microbiology Partnership, Manchester M13 9WZ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Borrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Laboratory, Health Protection Agency North West, Manchester Medical Microbiology Partnership, Manchester M13 9WZ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.10.5.780-786.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00050-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.3.1568-1573.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.12.7583-7587.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.1.256"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Chief Medical Officer Chief Nursing Officer and Chief Pharmaceutical Officer. 2001. Current vaccine and immunisation issues. In Chief medical officer letters PL\/CMO\/2001\/1 PL\/CNO\/2001\/1 and PL\/CPHO\/2001\/1. 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Campbell. 2000. An audit of the vaccination and antibiotic prophylaxis practices amongst patients splenectomised in Lothian. Health Bull. (Edinburgh)58:390-395.","journal-title":"Health Bull. (Edinburgh)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7385.365"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200210000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.4.2378-2382.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/317646"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314753"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"641","volume":"18","year":"2000","unstructured":"Richmond, P., D. Goldblatt, P. C. Fusco, J. D. S. Fusco, L. Heron, S. Clark, R. Borrow, and F. Michon. 2000. Safety and immunogenicity of a new Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in healthy adults. 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