{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:16:48Z","timestamp":1790295408485,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]],"date-time":"2004-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            To develop a murine model of paucibacillary tuberculosis for experimental chemotherapy of latent tuberculosis infection, mice were immunized with viable\n            <jats:italic>Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:italic>\n            BCG by the aerosol or intravenous route and then challenged six weeks later with virulent\n            <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            . The day after immunization, the counts were 3.71 \u00b1 0.10 log\n            <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n            CFU in the lungs of aerosol-immunized mice and 3.65 \u00b1 0.11 and 4.93 \u00b1 0.07 log\n            <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n            CFU in the lungs and spleens of intravenously immunized mice, respectively. Six weeks later, the lungs of all BCG-immunized mice had many gross lung lesions and splenomegaly; the counts were 5.97 \u00b1 0.14 and 3.54 \u00b1 0.07 log\n            <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n            CFU in the lungs and spleens of aerosol-immunized mice, respectively, and 4.36 \u00b1 0.28 and 5.12 \u00b1 0.23 log\n            <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n            CFU in the lungs and spleens of intravenously immunized mice, respectively. Mice were then aerosol challenged with\n            <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            by implanting 2.37 \u00b1 0.13 log\n            <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n            CFU in the lungs. Six weeks after challenge,\n            <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            had multiplied so that the counts were 6.41 \u00b1 0.27 and 4.44 \u00b1 0.14 log\n            <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n            CFU in the lungs and spleens of control mice, respectively. Multiplication of\n            <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            was greatly limited in BCG-immunized mice. Six weeks after challenge, the counts were 4.76 \u00b1 0.24 and 3.73 \u00b1 0.34 log\n            <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n            CFU in the lungs of intravenously immunized and aerosol-immunized mice, respectively. In contrast to intravenously immunized mice, there was no detectable dissemination to the spleen in aerosol-immunized mice. Therefore, immunization of mice with BCG by the aerosol route prior to challenge with a low dose of\n            <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            resulted in improved containment of infection and a stable paucibacillary infection. This model may prove to be useful for evaluation of new treatments for latent tuberculosis infection in humans.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.72.2.1065-1071.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,24]],"date-time":"2004-01-24T23:46:23Z","timestamp":1074987983000},"page":"1065-1071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Paucibacillary Tuberculosis in Mice after Prior Aerosol Immunization with\n            <i>Mycobacterium bovis<\/i>\n            BCG"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"E. L.","family":"Nuermberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Yoshimatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Tyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. R.","family":"Bishai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. H.","family":"Grosset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"351","volume":"107","year":"1973","unstructured":"Barclay, W. R., W. M. Busey, D. W. Dalgard, R. C. Good, B. W. Janicki, J. E. Kasik, E. Ribi, C. E. Ulrich, and E. Wolinsky. 1973. Protection of monkeys against airborne tuberculosis by aerosol vaccination with bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis.107:351-358.","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Canetti G. 1955. The tubercle bacillus in the pulmonary lesions of man. Springer-Verlag New York N.Y."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.3.1602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grosset J. and B. Ji. 1998. 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