{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T16:46:38Z","timestamp":1761929198830},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]],"date-time":"2004-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Entamoeba histolytica<\/jats:italic>trophozoites produce amoebapores, a family of small amphipathic peptides capable of insertion into bacterial or eukaryotic membranes and causing cellular lysis. Recently,<jats:italic>E. histolytica<\/jats:italic>trophozoites that are totally deficient in the production of amoebapore-A were created through a gene silencing mechanism (R. Bracha, Y. Nuchamowitz, and D. Mirelman, Eukaryot. Cell 2:295-305, 2003). Here we tested the virulence of amoebapore A(\u2212) trophozoites in models of the two major forms of amebic disease: amebic liver abscess and amebic colitis. We demonstrate that amoebapore expression is required for full virulence in the SCID mouse model of amebic liver abscess, but<jats:italic>E. histolytica<\/jats:italic>trophozoites that do not express amoebapore-A can still cause inflammation and tissue damage in infected human colonic xenografts. These data are consistent with the concept that tissue damage may proceed by different mechanisms in amebic liver abscess compared to amebic colitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.72.2.678-683.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,24]],"date-time":"2004-01-24T23:46:23Z","timestamp":1074987983000},"page":"678-683","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Expression of Amoebapores Is Required for Full Expression of<i>Entamoeba histolytica<\/i>Virulence in Amebic Liver Abscess but Is Not Necessary for the Induction of Inflammation or Tissue Damage in Amebic Colitis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Xiaochun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rivka","family":"Bracha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Mirelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Samuel L.","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(97)00148-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(02)00106-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.1.421-422.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.9.3615-3621.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01607.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.2.2.295-305.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.6.1605"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118161"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Espinosa A. L. Yan Z. Zhang L. Foster D. Clark E. Li and S. L. Stanley Jr. 2001. The bifunctional Entamoeba histolytica alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (EhADH2) protein is necessary for amebic growth and survival and requires an intact C-terminal domain for both alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 20136-20143.","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M101349200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(97)01038-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01325.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.7.2602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.1999.00807.x","volume":"265","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nickel, R., C. Ott, T. Dandekar, and M. Leippe. 1999. Pore-forming peptides of Entamoeba dispar. Similarity and divergence to amoebapores in structure, expression and activity. Eur. J. Biochem.265:1002-1007.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.5.1631-1639.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70023-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12830-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"S182","volume":"89","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stanley, S. L., Jr. 2003. Pathways for amebic induction of inflammation and programmed cell death. J. Parasitol.89:S182-S188.","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.8.4121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stanley S. L. Jr. T. Zhang and K. B. Seydel. 2000. Animal models of amebiasis p.859-865. In O. Zak and M. Sande (ed.) Handbook of animal models of infection. Academic Press London England.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012775390-4\/50241-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.5.3382-3388.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.9.8.2069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.02037.x","volume":"37","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., L. Wang, K. B. Seydel, E. Li, S. Ankri, D. Mirelman, and S. L. Stanley, Jr. 2000. Entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteinases with interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE) activity cause intestinal inflammation and tissue damage in amoebiasis. Mol. Microbiol.37:542-548.","journal-title":"Mol. 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