{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T07:29:20Z","timestamp":1762673360549},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]],"date-time":"2004-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The immune response to the opportunistic pulmonary pathogen<jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic>can have beneficial and harmful effects on the host despite the presence of corticosteroids. We hypothesized that this deleterious hyperinflammatory response is associated with exaggerated cytokine production. The adoptive transfer of at least 10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>immune splenocytes reduced the cyst count in rats with corticosteroid-induced pneumocystosis. About 18% of these rats developed clinical illness, an increased lung weight\/body weight (LW\/BW) ratio, and elevated levels of interleukin 1\u03b1 (IL-1\u03b1), IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-5, IL-10, and gamma interferon in the lungs. This hyperinflammatory reaction was not observed in rats that remained clinically well or in control rats. Thus, in this model, corticosteroids have little effect on the cytokine cascade or other adverse effects of the host immune response to<jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.72.2.757-765.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,24]],"date-time":"2004-01-24T23:46:23Z","timestamp":1074987983000},"page":"757-765","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sensitized Splenocytes Result in Deleterious Cytokine Cascade and Hyperinflammatory Response in Rats with<i>Pneumocystis<\/i>Pneumonia despite the Presence of Corticosteroids"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Timothy D.","family":"Thullen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs Medical Center"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan D.","family":"Ashbaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kieran R.","family":"Daly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Linke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs Medical Center"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul E.","family":"Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Walzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs Medical Center"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199011223232131"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"330","volume":"13","year":"1998","unstructured":"Beck, J. 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