{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T12:51:29Z","timestamp":1761742289608},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]],"date-time":"2004-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            A secreted nuclease, SsnA, was identified in the virulent\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus suis<\/jats:italic>\n            isolate SX332 and subsequently in each of the type strains of capsular serotypes 1 through 9. Screening of 258 porcine clinical isolates from surface (nasal mucosa or palatine tonsil) or internal (joint, brain or other internal organ) locations revealed a significant relationship (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.001) between expression of nuclease and isolation from an internal site. A 3,126-bp gene,\n            <jats:italic>ssnA<\/jats:italic>\n            , was identified from a phenotypically nuclease-negative pGh9:IS\n            <jats:italic>S1<\/jats:italic>\n            insertion mutant, and analysis of the predicted SsnA sequence revealed a 35-amino-acid (aa) secretion signal sequence, a 22-aa DNA-binding domain, and a typical gram-positive cell wall sorting motif. A requirement of Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            and Mg\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            for SsnA activity was determined, and the substrate specificity was found to be for single- and double-stranded linear DNA. Reverse transcription-PCR experiments revealed that\n            <jats:italic>ssnA<\/jats:italic>\n            is expressed throughout all stages of\n            <jats:italic>S. suis<\/jats:italic>\n            growth, and Western blots with porcine anti-\n            <jats:italic>S. suis<\/jats:italic>\n            immune sera against a recombinant, truncated SsnA derivative (rSsnA\n            <jats:sub>\u0394<\/jats:sub>\n            ) confirmed that SsnA is expressed in vivo. Furthermore, anti-rSsnA\n            <jats:sub>\u0394<\/jats:sub>\n            antibodies were sufficient to neutralize SsnA activity. Analyses of subcellular fractions of SX332 and derived mutants, on DNA-containing polyacrylamide gels and by Western blotting, suggest that SsnA is cell wall located.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.72.2.774-781.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,24]],"date-time":"2004-01-24T23:46:23Z","timestamp":1074987983000},"page":"774-781","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Investigation of a Novel DNase of\n            <i>Streptococcus suis<\/i>\n            Serotype 2"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Fontaine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine &amp; Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Perez-Casal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine &amp; Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Willson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine &amp; Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.4.2732-2735.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Alouf J. E. and C. Geoffroy. 1991. The family of antigenically-related cholesterol-binding (\u2032sulphydryl-activated') cytolytic toxins p. 147-186. In J. E. Alouf and J. H. Freer (ed.) Sourcebook of bacterial proteins. Academic Press Inc. New York N.Y."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.29.4.527"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.9.4456-4462.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2000133"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.91.3.1004-1011.1966"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.11.3628-3635.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-144-2-325"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1983.tb136138.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.6.6.1028-1030.1972"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.3.1319-1325.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/18.17.5019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(11)80474-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Ferretti J. J. T. T. Huang W. L. Hynes H. Malke D. Simon A. Suvorov and C. E. Yu. 1991. Extracellular product genes of group A streptococci p. 201-205. In G. M. Dunny P. P. Cleary and L. L. McKay (ed.) Genetics and molecular biology of streptococci lactococci and enterococci. American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.151.1.56"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1990.tb02072.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.9.3539-3547.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(91)90492-T"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.27.12.2633-2636.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"75","volume":"62","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gottschalk, M., A. Lebrun, H. Wisselink, J. D. Dubreuil, H. Smith, and U. Vecht. 1998. Production of virulence-related proteins by Canadian strains of Streptococcus suis capsular type 2. Can. J. Vet. Res.62:75-79.","journal-title":"Can. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"Higgins R. and M. Gottschalk. 1999. Streptococcal diseases p. 563-570. In A. D. Leman B. E. Straw W. L. Mengeling S. D'Allaire and D. J. Taylor (ed.) Diseases of swine 8th ed. Iowa State University Press Ames Iowa."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2144\/99271bm03"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/36786"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0882-4010(02)00192-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rvsc.1998.0242"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.3.931-935.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.17.6.993-996.1983"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.7.1904-1912.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(77)90627-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","unstructured":"Sambrook J. E. F. Fritsch and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Cold Spring Harbor N.Y."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","first-page":"481","volume":"51","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sanford, S. E. 1987. Gross and histopathological findings in unusual lesions caused by Streptococcus suis in pigs. I. Cardiac lesions. Can. J. Vet. Res.51:481-485.","journal-title":"I. Cardiac lesions. Can. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","first-page":"673","volume":"181","year":"1982","unstructured":"Sanford, S. E., and M. E. Tilker. 1982. Streptococcus suis type II-associated diseases in swine: observations of a one-year study. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.181:673-676.","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(83)90102-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.4.1750-1756.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.6.2361-2367.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.10.4409-4412.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.10.3212-3219.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(99)00147-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/1438-4639-00165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.64.3.515-547.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.9.3156-3162.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(96)00028-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.2.550-556.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","first-page":"65","volume":"3","year":"1992","unstructured":"Walsh, B., A. E. Williams, and J. Satsangi. 1992. Streptococcus suis type 2: pathogenesis and clinical disease. Rev. Med. Microbiol.3:65-71.","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.107.6.797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.126.3.497"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-58-14914"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(00)00188-7"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.72.2.774-781.2004","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.72.2.774-781.2004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T04:48:19Z","timestamp":1646455699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.72.2.774-781.2004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.72.2.774-781.2004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.72.2.774-781.2004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2003-05-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2003-10-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2004-02-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}