{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T23:53:03Z","timestamp":1790380383696,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The purpose of the present study was to evaluate pigs as a large-animal model for female genital infection with two\n            <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n            human serovar E strains. Sixteen-week-old specific-pathogen-free female pigs (gilts) were intravaginally infected with the trachoma type E reference strain Bour or the urogenital serovar E strain 468. Several conclusions can be drawn from our findings on the pathogenicity of a primary\n            <jats:italic>C.\u2009trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n            genital infection in gilts. First of all, we demonstrated that the serovar E strains Bour and 468 could ascend in the genital tract of gilts. The serovar E strains could replicate in the superficial columnar cervical epithelium and in the superficial epithelial layer of the uterus, which are known to be the specific target sites for a\n            <jats:italic>C.\u2009trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n            genital infection in women. Second, inflammation and pathology occurred at the replication sites. Third, the organisms could trigger a humoral immune response, as demonstrated by the presence of immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and IgA in both serum and genital secretion samples. Our findings imply that the pig model might be useful for studying the pathology, pathogenesis, and immune response to a\n            <jats:italic>C.\u2009trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n            infection of the genital system.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.73.12.8317-8321.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,18]],"date-time":"2005-11-18T22:47:51Z","timestamp":1132354071000},"page":"8317-8321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Specific-Pathogen-Free Pigs as an Animal Model for Studying\n            <i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i>\n            Genital Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Daisy","family":"Vanrompay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thi Q. T.","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liselotte","family":"De Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristel","family":"Verminnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taher","family":"Harkinezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"Chiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Bacteriology, and Poultry Disease, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Servaas A.","family":"Morre\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Parasitology, and Immunology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.789803"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"44","volume":"60","year":"1999","unstructured":"Britt, J. H., R. A. Cushman, V. S. Hedgpeth, and D. W. Shaw. 1999. Use of an ovarian biopsy to predict surface follicle numbers on the bovine ovary. Biol. Reprod.60(Suppl. 1):44.","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/beog.2002.0324"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.121728"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"451","year":"2001","unstructured":"Faro, S. 2001. Chlamydia trachomatis, p. 451-467. In S. Faro and D. E. Soper (ed.), Infectious diseases in women. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Pa.","journal-title":"Infectious diseases in women"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.130.3385.1339"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00063030-200216010-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"A1248","volume":"14","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kozlowski, P. A., M. R. Neutra, T. P. Flanigan, and S. Cu-Uvin. 2000. Induction of antibodies in women after vaginal immunization during the mid-proliferative or mid-secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. FASEB J.14(Suppl. S):A1248.","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"S55","volume":"5","year":"1991","unstructured":"Laga, M., N. Nzila, and J. Goeman. 1991. The interrelationship of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV infection: implications for the control of both epidemics in Africa. AIDS5(Suppl. 1):S55-S63.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0684.2000.290105.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2003.013086"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"422","volume":"55","year":"1979","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller, B. R., L. Westr\u00f6m, S. Ahrons, K. T. Ripa, L. Svensson, C. Von Mecklenburg, H. Henrikson, and P.-A. M\u00e5rdh. 1979. Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the Fallopian tubes. Histological findings in two patients. Br. J. Vener. Dis.55:422-428.","journal-title":"Br. J. Vener. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.9.3463-3466.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(93)90339-Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.58.4.938-943.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(99)00131-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"456","volume":"68","year":"1990","unstructured":"Pressing, A. L., G. D. Dial, and K. E. Esbenshade. 1990. Patterns of LH secretion associated with the appearance of surface follicles in the prepubertal pig. J. Anim. Sci.68(Suppl. 1):456.","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"7186","volume":"68","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ramsey, K. H., J. L. DeWolfe, and R. D. Salyer. 2002. Disease outcome subsequent to primary and secondary urogenital infection with murine or human biovars of Chlamydia trachomatis. Infect. Immun.68:7186-7189.","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"927","volume":"140","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rank, R. G., and M. M. Sanders. 1992. Pathogenesis of endometritis and salpingitis in a guinea pig model of chlamydial genital infection. Am. J. Pathol.140:927-936.","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"139","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schachter, J. 1999. Infection and disease epidemiology, p. 139-169. In R. S. Stephens (ed.), Chlamydia: intracellular biology, pathogenesis, and immunity. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.","journal-title":"Chlamydia: intracellular biology, pathogenesis, and immunity"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-002-2263-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.4.1265-1271.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2003.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 1996. Global prevalence and incidence of selected curable sexually transmitted diseases: overview and estimates. World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland."}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.73.12.8317-8321.2005","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.73.12.8317-8321.2005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T05:25:46Z","timestamp":1646457946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.73.12.8317-8321.2005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.73.12.8317-8321.2005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.73.12.8317-8321.2005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2004-10-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2005-08-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2005-12-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}