{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T05:58:59Z","timestamp":1791093539079,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several<jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>outer surface proteins have been identified over the past decade that are up-regulated by temperature- and\/or mammalian host-specific signals as this spirochete is transmitted from ticks to mammals. Given the potential role(s) that these differentially up-regulated proteins may play in<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>transmission and Lyme disease pathogenesis, much attention has recently been placed on identifying additional borrelial outer surface proteins. To identify uncharacterized<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>outer surface proteins, we previously performed a comprehensive gene expression profiling analysis of temperature-shifted and mammalian host-adapted<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>. The combined microarray analyses revealed that many genes encoding known and putative outer surface proteins are down-regulated in mammalian host-adapted<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>. At the same time, however, several different genes encoding putative outer surface proteins were found to be up-regulated during the transmission and infection process. Among the putative outer surface proteins identified, biochemical and surface localization analyses confirmed that seven (Bb0405, Bb0689, BbA36, BbA64, BbA66, BbA69, and BbI42) are localized to the surface of<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis using serum from tick-infested baboons indicated that all seven outer surface proteins identified are immunogenic and that antibodies are generated against all seven during a natural infection. Specific antibodies generated against all seven of these surface proteins were found to be bactericidal against<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>, indicating that these newly identified outer surface proteins are prime candidates for analysis as second-generation Lyme disease vaccinogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.74.1.296-304.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,20]],"date-time":"2005-12-20T22:02:58Z","timestamp":1135116178000},"page":"296-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Identification of<i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>Outer Surface Proteins"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Chad S.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tennessee 37044"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh R.","family":"Vuppala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy M.","family":"Jett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darrin R.","family":"Akins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2325"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_18030507.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.4.1202-1210.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"521","volume":"57","year":"1984","unstructured":"Barbour, A. G. 1984. Isolation and cultivation of Lyme disease spirochetes. Yale J. Biol. Med.57:521-525.","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2004.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.6.3371-3383.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(94)28019-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"365","volume":"53","year":"2004","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. 2004. Lyme disease-United States, 2001-2002. Morbid. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.53:365-369.","journal-title":"Morbid. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.7.2653-2661.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01654.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200207000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80298-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1149"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.15.7973"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Daniel W. W. 1999. Biostatistics: a foundation for analysis in the health sciences. John Wiley and Sons Inc. New York N.Y."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119264"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.5.3455-3459.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02758.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.4.2139-2150.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80341-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/37551"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.2.440"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0306845101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-146-7-1491"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.11.4256-4265.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.7.3468-3478.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.6.3618-3627.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.231442498"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.54.3.897-898.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.53.3.713-714.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","first-page":"45","volume":"263","year":"1986","unstructured":"Johnson, R. C., C. L. Kodner, and M. E. Russell. 1986. Vaccination of hamsters against experimental infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Mikrobiol. Hyg.263:45-48.","journal-title":"Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Mikrobiol. Hyg."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.0303703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.56.2.314-321.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3964","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.146.11.3964","volume":"146","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kochi, S. K., R. C. Johnson, and A. P. Dalmasso. 1991. Complement-mediated killing of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Role of antibody in formation of an effective membrane attack complex. J. Immunol.146:3964-3970.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(82)90515-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.2.412-421.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.36.010191.003103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.9.4798-4804.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-004-0218-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.6.3300-3303.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020770"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","first-page":"145","volume":"145","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ma, J., and R. T. Coughlin. 1993. A simple, colorimetric microtiter assay for borreliacidal activity of antisera. J. Microbiol. Methods145:145-153.","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(81)90783-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2432412100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","first-page":"69","volume":"40","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nocton, J. J. and A. C. Steere. 1995. Lyme disease. Adv. Intern. Med.40:69-117.","journal-title":"Adv. Intern. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.4.1689-1705.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","first-page":"1","volume":"49","year":"2000","unstructured":"Orloski, K. A., E. B. Hayes, G. L. Campbell, and D. T. Dennis. 2000. Surveillance for Lyme disease\u2014United States, 1992-1998. MMWR CDC Surveill. Summ.49:1-9.","journal-title":"MMWR CDC Surveill. Summ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.52.128"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MR.57.1.50-108.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.1.21-31.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.4.1259-1264.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502565102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.1.165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(95)50105-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.7.2909"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.63"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198908313210906"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.7.2378"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","first-page":"2143","year":"1995","unstructured":"Steere, A. C. 1995. Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease, Lyme borreliosis), p. 2143-2155. In G. L. Mandell, J. E. Bennett, and R. Dolin (ed.), Principles and practice of infectious diseases. Churchill Livingstone, New York, N.Y.","journal-title":"Principles and practice of infectious diseases"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200323620"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.74.1.296-304.2006","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.74.1.296-304.2006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T23:27:04Z","timestamp":1683329224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.74.1.296-304.2006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.74.1.296-304.2006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.74.1.296-304.2006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-05-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2005-10-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2006-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}