{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T05:37:58Z","timestamp":1770356278049,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            This is the first report of a\n            <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n            var.\n            <jats:italic>gattii<\/jats:italic>\n            strain (serotype B) that switches reversibly between its parent mucoid (NP1-MC) colony morphology and a smooth (NP1-SM) colony morphology. Similar to\n            <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n            var.\n            <jats:italic>grubii<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n            var.\n            <jats:italic>neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n            strains, the switch is associated with changes in the polysaccharide capsule and virulence in animal models. In murine infection models, NP1-MC is significantly more virulent than NP1-SM (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.021). In contrast to the serotype A and D strains, the serotype B strain switches in vivo reversibly between both colony morphologies. The polysaccharide of NP1-MC exhibits a thicker capsule, and thus NP1-MC exhibits enhanced intracellular survival in macrophages. Consistent with this finding, switching to the mucoid variant is observed in pulmonary infection with NP1-SM. In contrast, the thin polysaccharide capsule of NP1-SM permits better crossing of the blood-brain barrier. In this regard, only smooth colonies were grown from brain homogenates of NP1-MC-infected mice. Our findings have important implications for the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis and suggest that phenotypic switching affects host-pathogen interactions in the local microenvironment. This altered interaction then selects for specific colony variants to arise in a pathogen population.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.74.2.896-903.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,21]],"date-time":"2006-01-21T01:42:38Z","timestamp":1137807758000},"page":"896-903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Phenotypic Switching in a\n            <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i>\n            Variety\n            <i>gattii<\/i>\n            Strain Is Associated with Changes in Virulence and Promotes Dissemination to the Central Nervous System"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. 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