{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T17:55:53Z","timestamp":1791741353813,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The plasmid DNA encoding the<jats:italic>fliC<\/jats:italic>gene of<jats:italic>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>combined with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) was injected intramuscularly into BALB\/c mice, resulting in the increased production of certain humoral antibodies and flagellin-specific spleen cell clonal expansion. CpG ODN, as an immunoadjuvant, was added to the plasmid containing the<jats:italic>fliC<\/jats:italic>gene in order to obtain ongoing expression in muscle for a long period. Functional expression of flagellin from the constructed CpG-modified plasmid in transfected peritoneal exudate cells of BALB\/c mice was shown by reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting. Furthermore, BALB\/c mice immunized with the modified plasmid had relatively higher resistance to<jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>infection in vivo than did mice immunized with unmodified plasmid DNA. The time course of restricted bacterial growth in spleen and liver and changes in the cytokine profiles of immunized mice suggested that the stimulated phagocytic cells would be able to kill the bacteria eventually, possibly as a consequence of the induction of Th-1-type immune polarization in vivo. Th-1-type immune polarization was detected in response to flagellin induction in mice immunized with CpG-modified plasmid DNA by the appearance of increased levels of immunoglobulin G2a antibodies and gamma interferon-secreting cells specific to flagellin. The exogenous CpG motifs added to the<jats:italic>fliC<\/jats:italic>gene would contribute to an adjuvant-like response that enhances the flagellin-specific immunogenicity and provides protection against<jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>infection. This CpG-modified plasmid DNA vaccination is an important potential strategy that should be developed to protect against melioidosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.74.3.1699-1705.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,23]],"date-time":"2006-02-23T00:18:14Z","timestamp":1140653894000},"page":"1699-1705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["CpG-Modified Plasmid DNA Encoding Flagellin Improves Immunogenicity and Provides Protection against<i>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/i>Infection in BALB\/c Mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Yao-Shen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Environmental Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Shan","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsi-Hsun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, E-DA Hospital\/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Lei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.5.1914-1919.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.7.2824-2828.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(99)00071-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/159.5.890"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.3.1155-1160.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02930965"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"423","volume":"10","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chen, Y. S., D. Shiuan, S. C. Chen, S. M. Chye, and Y. L. Chen. 2003. Recombinant truncated flagellin of Burkholderia pseudomallei as a molecular probe for diagnosis of melioidosis. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol.10:423-425.","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen Y. S. Y. S. Hsiao H. H. Lin C. M. Yen S. C. Chen and Y. L. Chen. 6 September 2005 posting date. Immunogenicity and anti- Burkholderia pseudomallei activity in BALB\/c mice immunized with plasmid DNA encoding flagellin. Vaccine [Online.] doi:10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.08.069.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.08.069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.4.1622-1629.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.1.322","volume":"163","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cornell, K. A., H. G. Bouwer, D. J. Hinrichs, and R. A. Barry. 1999. Genetic immunization of mice against Listeria monocytogenes using plasmid DNA encoding listeriolysin O. J. Immunol.163:322-329.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90333-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.7.2116-2125.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.4.2291","volume":"162","year":"1999","unstructured":"Elkins, K. L., T. R. Rhinehart-Jones, S. Stibitz, J. S. Conover, and D. M. Klinman. 1999. Bacterial DNA containing CpG motifs stimulates lymphocyte-dependent protection of mice against lethal infection with intracellular bacteria. J. Immunol.162:2291-2298.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.5.2278","volume":"158","year":"1997","unstructured":"Feltquate, D. M., S. Heaney, R. G. Webster, and H. L. Robinson. 1997. Different T helper cell types and antibody isotypes generated by saline and gene gun DNA immunization. J. Immunol.158:2278-2284.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.12.6945-6950.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.18.1.927"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800058179"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(97)00171-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.6.2891-2900.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra021333"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-51-12-1055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3635","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.8.3635","volume":"158","year":"1997","unstructured":"Klinman, D. M., G. Yamshchikov, and Y. Ishigatsubo. 1997. Contribution of CpG motifs to the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines. J. Immunol.158:3635-3639.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064842"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540310015999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315155"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200404000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45766-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(03)00079-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"530","volume":"71","year":"1955","unstructured":"Nigg, C., J. Ruch, E. Scott, and K. Noble. 1955. Enhancement of virulence of Malleomyces pseudomallei. J. Bacteriol.71:530-541.","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.7.3593-3600.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5273.352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/165.3.561"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(01)01417-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1998.tb01175.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.4.2034-2042.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2003.02107.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.1.38-45.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13374-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/1.6.363"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.8.4494-4502.2004"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.74.3.1699-1705.2006","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.74.3.1699-1705.2006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]],"date-time":"2023-05-06T15:42:12Z","timestamp":1683387732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.74.3.1699-1705.2006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.74.3.1699-1705.2006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.74.3.1699-1705.2006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-08-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2005-12-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2006-03-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}