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We exploited genetic selection for disease resistance as an approach to the control of water buffalo brucellosis. We tested 231 water buffalo cows for the presence of anti-<jats:italic>Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic>antibodies (by the agglutination and complement fixation tests) and the<jats:italic>Nramp1<\/jats:italic>genotype (by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis). When the 231 animals (58 cases and 173 controls) were divided into infected (seropositive) and noninfected (seronegative) groups and the<jats:italic>Nramp1<\/jats:italic>genotypes were compared, the seropositive subjects were 52 out of 167 (31%) in the<jats:italic>Nramp1A<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>(<jats:italic>Nramp1AA<\/jats:italic>or<jats:italic>Nramp1AB<\/jats:italic>) group and 6 out of 64 (9.4%) in the<jats:italic>Nramp1A<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>(<jats:italic>Nramp1BB<\/jats:italic>) group (odds ratio, 4.37; 95% confidence limits, 1.87 to 10.19; \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, 11.65 for 1 degree of freedom). Monocytes from<jats:italic>Nramp1BB<\/jats:italic>subjects displayed significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.01) higher levels of<jats:italic>Nramp1<\/jats:italic>mRNA than<jats:italic>Nramp1AA<\/jats:italic>subjects and also a significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.01) higher ability in controlling the intracellular replication of several<jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>species in vitro. Thus, selection for the<jats:italic>Nramp1BB<\/jats:italic>genotype can become a valuable tool for the control of water buffalo brucellosis in the areas where the disease is endemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.74.4.2115-2120.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,21]],"date-time":"2006-03-21T23:12:50Z","timestamp":1142982770000},"page":"2115-2120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Genetic Resistance to<i>Brucella abortus<\/i>in the Water Buffalo (<i>Bubalus bubalis<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Borriello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Capparelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnological Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regione Campania, Assessorato all'Agricoltura, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Fenizia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale per il Mezzogiorno"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flora","family":"Alfano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale per il Mezzogiorno"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Capuano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale per il Mezzogiorno"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Ercolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnological Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e Basilicata"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sante","family":"Roperto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Naples \u201cFederico II,\u201d"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Iannelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.64.1081"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4857.290"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","unstructured":"Alton G. 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