{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T14:41:50Z","timestamp":1780670510581,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]],"date-time":"2006-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            strains exhibit various degrees of infectivity and pathogenicity in mammals, which may be due to their relative ability to evade initial host immunity. Innate immune cells recognize\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that use the intracellular molecule MyD88 to mediate effector functions. To determine whether impaired TLR signaling enhances\n            <jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n            acquisition of\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            , we fed nymphs on wild-type (WT) and MyD88\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice previously infected with two clinical isolates of\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            , BL206, a high-virulence strain, and B348, an attenuated strain. Seventy-three percent of the nymphs that fed on BL206-infected WT mice and 40% of the nymphs that fed on B348-infected WT mice acquired\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            , whereas 100% of the nymphs that fed on MyD88\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice became infected, irrespective of\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            strain. Ticks that acquired infection after feeding on MyD88\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice harbored more spirochetes than those that fed on WT mice, as assessed by quantitative PCR for\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            DNA. Vector transmission of BL206 and B348 was also enhanced when MyD88\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice were the blood meal hosts, with the mean pathogen burden at the skin inoculation site significantly higher than levels in WT mice. These results show that the absence of MyD88 facilitates passage of both low- and high-infectivity\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            strains between the tick vector and the mammal and enhances the infectivity of a low-infectivity\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            strain.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.74.4.2154-2160.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,21]],"date-time":"2006-03-21T23:12:50Z","timestamp":1142982770000},"page":"2154-2160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["MyD88 Deficiency Enhances Acquisition and Transmission of\n            <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>\n            by\n            <i>Ixodes scapularis<\/i>\n            Ticks"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Linda K.","family":"Bockenstedt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nengyin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ira","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Durland","family":"Fish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"521","volume":"57","year":"1984","unstructured":"Barbour, A. 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