{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T02:22:12Z","timestamp":1776824532635,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,15]],"date-time":"2008-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1210809600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Outer surface proteins (Osp) A and C of the Lyme disease spirochete (\n            <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            ) are selectively produced and of functional significance in the tick vector and mammalian host, respectively. Some studies indicate a simple, reciprocal relationship where the signals and pathways that turn on\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            also turn off\n            <jats:italic>ospA<\/jats:italic>\n            . Other studies indicate a more complex regulation where many spirochetes produce both proteins and others produce one of the proteins or neither protein. Here, we have used flow cytometry to characterize\n            <jats:italic>ospA<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            transcript and protein levels in individual bacterial cells grown in culture. The results support a simple, reciprocal model where, at the level of single cells, the transcription of\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            is linked to the repression of\n            <jats:italic>ospA<\/jats:italic>\n            . We also demonstrate that under conditions conducive for OspC production, spirochetes display an \u201call or none\u201d response, with some cells displaying high levels of\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            transcription and others demonstrating little or no transcription. Despite the reciprocal regulation of\n            <jats:italic>ospA<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            at the single-cell level, we propose that spirochetes display an array of phenotypes due to stochasticity in the pathways that regulate\n            <jats:italic>osp<\/jats:italic>\n            expression and the slow turnover of outer surface proteins.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00085-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,22]],"date-time":"2008-03-22T00:34:02Z","timestamp":1206146042000},"page":"3429-3433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Reciprocal Expression of\n            <i>ospA<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>ospC<\/i>\n            in Single Cells of\n            <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Siddharth Y.","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CB#7290, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aravinda M.","family":"de Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CB#7290, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-6445(03)00036-6","volume":"27","year":"2003","unstructured":"Anguita, J., M. N. Hedrick, and E. Fikrig. 2003. Adaptation of Borrelia burgdorferi in the tick and the mammalian host. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 27 : 493-504.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1460","volume":"4","year":"2006","unstructured":"Avery, S. V. 2006. Microbial cell individuality and the underlying sources of heterogeneity. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 4 : 577-587.","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8503006","volume":"260","year":"1993","unstructured":"Barbour, A. G., and D. Fish. 1993. The biological and social phenomenon of Lyme disease. 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Expression of Borrelia burgdorferi OspC and DbpA is controlled by a RpoN-RpoS regulatory pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98 : 12724-12729.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.10.5759-5767.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.2.670","volume":"98","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ohnishi, J., J. Piesman, and A. M. de Silva. 2001. Antigenic and genetic heterogeneity of Borrelia burgdorferi populations transmitted by ticks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98 : 670-675.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.4.1689-1705.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200419894","volume":"113","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pal, U., X. 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