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Amyloids produced by human cells are also associated with diseases such as Alzheimer\u2019s. The amyloid monomeric subunits self-associate to form oligomers, protofibrils, and finally mature fibrils. Amyloid \u03b2 oligomers are more cytotoxic to cells than the mature amyloid fibrils. Here we detected oligomeric intermediates of curli for the first time. Like the oligomers of amyloid \u03b2, intermediate curli fibrils were more cytotoxic than the mature curli fibrillar aggregates when incubated with bone marrow-derived macrophages. The discovery of cytotoxic curli intermediates will enable research into the roles of amyloid intermediates in the pathogenesis of\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n            and other bacteria that cause enteric infections.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00095-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]],"date-time":"2019-06-07T11:11:37Z","timestamp":1559905897000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Cytotoxic Curli Intermediates Form during\n            <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n            Biofilm Development"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"201","author":[{"given":"Lauren K.","family":"Nicastro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah 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