{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T09:35:37Z","timestamp":1791020137627,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Integrating conjugative elements (ICEs) are self-transmissible mobile elements that transfer between bacteria via conjugation and integrate into the host chromosome. SXT and related ICEs became prevalent in Asian\n            <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            populations in the 1990s and play an important role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes in\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            . Here, we carried out genomic and functional analyses of ICE\n            <jats:italic>Pda<\/jats:italic>\n            Spa1, an SXT-related ICE derived from a Spanish isolate of\n            <jats:italic>Photobacterium damselae<\/jats:italic>\n            subsp.\n            <jats:italic>piscicida<\/jats:italic>\n            , the causative agent of fish pasteurellosis. The \u223c102-kb DNA sequence of ICE\n            <jats:italic>Pda<\/jats:italic>\n            Spa1 shows nearly 97% DNA sequence identity to SXT in genes that encode essential ICE functions, including integration and excision, conjugal transfer, and regulation. However, \u223c25 kb of ICE\n            <jats:italic>Pda<\/jats:italic>\n            Spa1 DNA, including a tetracycline resistance locus, is not present in SXT. Most ICE\n            <jats:italic>Pda<\/jats:italic>\n            Spa1-specific DNA is inserted at loci where other SXT-related ICEs harbor element-specific DNA. ICE\n            <jats:italic>Pda<\/jats:italic>\n            Spa1 excises itself from the chromosome and is transmissible to other\n            <jats:italic>Photobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n            strains, as well as to\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            , in which it integrates into\n            <jats:italic>prfC<\/jats:italic>\n            . Interestingly, the\n            <jats:italic>P. damselae<\/jats:italic>\n            virulence plasmid pPHDP10 could be mobilized from\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            in an ICE\n            <jats:italic>Pda<\/jats:italic>\n            Spa1-dependent fashion via the formation of a cointegrate between pPHDP10 and ICE\n            <jats:italic>Pda<\/jats:italic>\n            Spa1. pPHDP10-Cm integrated into ICE\n            <jats:italic>Pda<\/jats:italic>\n            Spa1 in a non-site-specific fashion independently of RecA. The ICE\n            <jats:italic>Pda<\/jats:italic>\n            Spa1::pPHDP10 cointegrates were stable, and markers from both elements became transmissible at frequencies similar to those observed for the transfer of ICE\n            <jats:italic>Pda<\/jats:italic>\n            Spa1 alone. Our findings reveal the plasticity of ICE genomes and demonstrate that ICEs can enable virulence gene transfer.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00109-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,8]],"date-time":"2008-03-08T01:58:47Z","timestamp":1204941527000},"page":"3353-3361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Genomic and Functional Analysis of ICE\n            <i>Pda<\/i>\n            Spa1, a Fish-Pathogen-Derived SXT-Related Integrating Conjugative Element That Can Mobilize a Virulence Plasmid"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Carlos R.","family":"Osorio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Genetics Programs, Tufts University School of Medicine"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joeli","family":"Marrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Genetics Programs, Tufts University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel A. F.","family":"Wozniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Genetics Programs, Tufts University School of Medicine"},{"name":"Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel L.","family":"Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Burrus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Genetics Programs, Tufts University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew K.","family":"Waldor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Genetics Programs, Tufts University School of Medicine"},{"name":"Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsle.2004.11.012","volume":"242","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ahmed, A. M., S. Shinoda, and T. Shimamoto. 2005. A variant type of Vibrio cholerae SXT element in a multidrug-resistant strain of Vibrio fluvialis. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 242 : 241-247.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0904.020317","volume":"9","year":"2003","unstructured":"Amita, S., R. Chowdhury, M. Thungapathra, T. Ramamurthy, G. B. Nair, and A. Ghosh. 2003. Class I integrons and SXT elements in El Tor strains isolated before and after 1992 Vibrio cholerae O139 outbreak, Calcutta, India. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 9 : 500-502.","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180200006","volume":"59","year":"2002","unstructured":"Beaber, J. W., V. Burrus, B. Hochhut, and M. K. Waldor. 2002. 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