{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:09:42Z","timestamp":1791266982048,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":295,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["F32AI179104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32AI179104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01AI152210, R01AI150157, R01AI178725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI152210, R01AI150157, R01AI178725"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              Don\u2019t Panic. In the nearly 50 years since the discovery of Lyme disease,\n              <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n              has emerged as an unlikely workhorse of microbiology. Interest in studying host-pathogen interactions fueled significant progress in making the fastidious microbe approachable in laboratory settings, including the development of culture methods, animal models, and genetic tools. By developing these systems, insight has been gained into how the microbe is able to survive its enzootic cycle and cause human disease. Here, we discuss the discovery of\n              <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n              and its development as a model organism before diving into the critical lessons we have learned about\n              <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n              biology at pivotal stages of its lifecycle: gene expression changes during the tick blood meal, colonization of a new vertebrate host, and developing a long-lasting infection in that vertebrate until a new tick feeds. Our goal is to highlight the advancements that have facilitated\n              <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n              research and identify gaps in our current understanding of the microbe.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00116-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T13:01:27Z","timestamp":1723640487000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Hitchhiker\u2019s Guide to\n            <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"206","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9037-8418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Bourgeois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University Lyme Disease Initiative, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1659-5558","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Linden T.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University Lyme Disease Initiative, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00384-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00337-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00230-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00153-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00005-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00102-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/37551"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01698.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34876-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.56.8.1831-1836.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00835-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.598"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1987.36.92"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-30.2.155"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1988.tb31851.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-092611-150145"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2015.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.psib-0030-2019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200221797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01228-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.03097-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25593"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780200102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7229a3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112625"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112626"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/11.1.142"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/16.1.168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555531235243"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555538285289"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-93-1-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7043737"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198303313081302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02166-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00313682"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(83)90552-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221397"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004149"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2011.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1985.34.925"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2012.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1987.37.188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1985.34.355"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/33.3.297"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0233733100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02370-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0405763102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgad234"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1438-4221(02)80015-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530120023018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807233390401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807233390402"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200107123450201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45983-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09217-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.1.133"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.57.1.41-47.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.19.6045-6049.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.080068797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02256.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02758.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26165-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.032667699"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.4.1689-1705.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.10.5973-5979.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-3398-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1180"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02519-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010385"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.156.5.1297"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.50.4.381-400.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","first-page":"521","article-title":"Isolation and cultivation of Lyme disease spirochetes","volume":"57","author":"Barbour AG","year":"1984","unstructured":"Barbour AG. 1984. Isolation and cultivation of Lyme disease spirochetes. Yale J Biol Med 57:521\u2013525.","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.5.1251-1255.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.6.4146-4153.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.11.6702-6706.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mc12c01s4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.6.4159-4163.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsle.2004.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI152506"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5471.1651"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/157.4.842"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.20.6.1099-1101.1984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.56.9.2336-2342.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02013102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01646399"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/150.5.786-a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","first-page":"609","article-title":"The New Zealand white rabbit: an experimental host for infecting ticks with Lyme disease spirochetes","volume":"57","author":"Burgdorfer W","year":"1984","unstructured":"Burgdorfer W. 1984. The New Zealand white rabbit: an experimental host for infecting ticks with Lyme disease spirochetes. Yale J Biol Med 57:609\u2013612.","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009256"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.1.161-168.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401746"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010365"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.12.8492"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1992.47.249"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-93-1-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198511000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.7.3047-3059.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515357"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029914"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2017.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00074-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.11.6783-6788.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01567-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2021.2087"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-33.4.766"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1964-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124268"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00822-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.05.02.592193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01784"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585(2005)042[0445:RCONNA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2018.2351"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-019-01442-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/14-503.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284524"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-40.3.364"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(94)90166-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01950-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00372-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12882"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.86636"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1380-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2021.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.8.4759-4764.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011243"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00468-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02454-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbx085"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00658-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.28317-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-004-0682-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2714"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.3.475-478.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.12.3508-3516.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.1.217-227.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.23.7308-7313.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-35897-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.16.4771-4778.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21775\/cimb.042.307"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.9.2445-2452.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000073406"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.18.4850-4855.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7383-5_15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_149_2","first-page":"433","article-title":"DNA exchange and insertional inactivation in spirochetes","volume":"2","author":"Tilly K","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tilly K, Elias AF, Bono JL, Stewart P, Rosa P. 2000. DNA exchange and insertional inactivation in spirochetes. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2:433\u2013442.","journal-title":"J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.11.6577-6585.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.9.4798-4804.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.12.7147-7154.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00324-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_154_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01176-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.25.13865"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03452.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02613-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_158_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502565102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_159_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05593.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_160_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129532"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_161_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02825-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_162_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI166710"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_163_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01824-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_164_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.22.6723-6727.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_165_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.9.2745-2756.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_166_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05039.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_167_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_168_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_169_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13437"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_170_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006225"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_171_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001286"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_172_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007644"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_173_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_174_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.7.2909"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_175_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.11.4535-4539.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_176_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.9.5419-5432.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_177_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.7.3181-3187.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_178_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.19.5544-5553.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_179_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.231442498"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_180_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.4.2739-2742.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_181_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.10.5759-5767.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_182_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020770"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_183_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2325"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_184_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05860.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_185_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.6.3618-3627.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_186_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002532"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_187_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.1.348"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_188_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.9.3630-3634.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_189_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.3.568"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_190_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0176-6724(86)80114-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_191_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2200354"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_192_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017414"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_193_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34383"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_194_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.6.3061-3067.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_195_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.1.150"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_196_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.7.2137-2141.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_197_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1114362109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_198_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005333"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_199_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000090"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_200_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_201_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_202_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07801.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_203_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7383-5_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_204_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010903"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_205_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21775\/cimb.042.223"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_206_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12609"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_207_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031960"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_208_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI9427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_209_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0306845101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_210_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.2.670"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_211_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00085-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_212_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.21.7390-7402.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_213_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01923"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_214_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1834315100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_215_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001272"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_216_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.06951.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_217_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.06945.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_218_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.22.7845-7852.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_219_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01204-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_220_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_221_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12337"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_222_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05136-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_223_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07687.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_224_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002133"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_225_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.3.957-965.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_226_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005160"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_227_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00582-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_228_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009072"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_229_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01238-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_230_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00050-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_231_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03537.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_232_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01956-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_233_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1990.42.352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_234_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.53.397"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_235_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/24.2.201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_236_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI39401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_237_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101529"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_238_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2008.0091"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_239_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI161188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_240_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.161.2.332"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_241_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2002)088[1276:COBSWT]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_242_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03812"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_243_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00232-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_244_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1074-7613(02)00325-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_245_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_246_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_247_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111673"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_248_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.2.822-829.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_249_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901858106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_250_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_251_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M007994200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_252_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00318-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_253_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M308343200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_254_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/518509"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_255_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05318.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_256_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2020.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_257_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2301549120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_258_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.102081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_259_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001633"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_260_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.8.5109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_261_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.5.2660"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_262_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.3.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_263_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00713-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_264_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.MDNA3-0038-2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_265_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/ForumImmunDisTher.2017019625"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_266_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.REV119.008583"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_267_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80206-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_268_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.8.3689-3697.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_269_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05895.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_270_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000680"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_271_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000679"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_272_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.04.117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_273_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13873"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_274_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.7.3979-3987.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_275_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001062"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_276_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011886"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_277_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.108217"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_278_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004976"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_279_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103735"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_280_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2200890"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_281_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2024.102308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_282_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00422-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_283_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.4.708"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_284_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.11.5709-5716.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_285_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-015-0381-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_286_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/151.1.15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_287_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011572"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_288_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-11454-0_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_289_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01288-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_290_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00395-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_291_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-022-01075-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_292_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00404-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_293_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.056036-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_294_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-6445(03)00064-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_295_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21775\/cimb.042.409"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_296_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-080320-010449"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bacteriology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jb.00116-24","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jb.00116-24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T13:22:22Z","timestamp":1726752142000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/jb.00116-24"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Elizabeth Anne","family":"Shank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"references-count":295,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/jb.00116-24"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.00116-24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9193","1098-5530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9193","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5530","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00116-24"}}